C++11之线程库thread

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CMake解决c++11的phread库问题：undefined reference to `pthread_create’

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一、资料

C++11并发之std::thread
C++官方thread库文档

二、一个简单的程序

// thread example
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <thread>         // std::thread

using namespace std;
 
void foo() 
{
	// do stuff...
	for( int i = 0 ;i < 10 ; i++ )
	{
		cout << "foo:" << i << endl;
	}
}

void bar(int x)		// 虽然传入了，但我代码没用到，演示而已
{
	// do stuff...
	for( int i = 0 ;i < 10 ; i++ )
	{
		cout << "bar:" << i << endl;
	}
}


int main() 
{
	cout << "before spawn new thread, must be main...\n";
	cout << "before spawn new thread, must be main...\n";
	cout << "before spawn new thread, must be main...\n";

	thread first (foo);     // spawn new thread that calls foo()
	thread second (bar,0);  // spawn new thread that calls bar(0)

	cout << "main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...\n";
	cout << "main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...\n";
	cout << "main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...\n";

	// synchronize threads:
	first.join();                // pauses until first finishes
	second.join();               // pauses until second finishes

	cout << "after join thread, must be main...\n";
	cout << "after join thread, must be main...\n";
	cout << "after join thread, must be main...\n";

	return 0;
}
/*
before spawn new thread, must be main...
before spawn new thread, must be main...
before spawn new thread, must be main...
foo:0
main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...
main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...
main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...
foo:1
foo:2
foo:3
foo:4
foo:5
foo:6
foo:7
foo:8
foo:9
bar:0
bar:1
bar:2
bar:3
bar:4
bar:5
bar:6
bar:7
bar:8
bar:9
after join thread, must be main...
after join thread, must be main...
after join thread, must be main...
*/

1.创建线程

• 线程要做的事情：用一个返回值为void的函数func来实现
  函数的参数为要传入函数的东西

• 线程的创建

thread thread_name(func[,args])

第一个参数是函数名（不带括号），之后的参数就是你想传入的自定义参数
有的写法&func是函数名前加&，其实没有必要，但也对。

• 数组写法

thread threads[THREAD_SIZE];
threads[i]=thread(func);
threads[i].join();

• 新的线程创建后，在被join()之前，是和主线程混合在一起并发执行的。

2.join的作用

• join阻塞主线程，让主线程一直等待停在join处，直到其新创建的线程执行完毕后才会返回主线程继续下去。

• join会清理子线程相关的内存空间，避免造成资源的泄露，所以该方法只能被调用一次。

• 必须保证该方法被有效执行，不会因程序异常而被跳过：c++11中关于std::thread的join的思考

3.detach

• detach()函数会让线程在后台运行，即说明主线程不会等待子线程运行结束才结束

通常称分离线程为守护线程(daemon threads),UNIX中守护线程是指，没有任何显式的用户接口，并在后台运行的线程。这种线程的特点就是长时间运行；线程的生命周期可能会从某一个应用起始到结束，可能会在后台监视文件系统，还有可能对缓存进行清理，亦或对数据结构进行优化。另一方面，分离线程的另一方面只能确定线程什么时候结束，发后即忘(fire andforget)的任务就使用到线程的这种方式。

// thread example
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <thread>         // std::thread

using namespace std;
 
void foo() 
{
	// do stuff...
	for( int i = 0 ;i < 10 ; i++ )
	{
		cout << "foo:" << i << endl;
	}
}

void bar(int x)
{
	// do stuff...
	for( int i = 0 ;i < 10 ; i++ )
	{
		cout << "bar:" << i << endl;
	}
}


int main() 
{
	cout << "before spawn new thread, must be main...\n";

	thread first (foo);     // spawn new thread that calls foo()
	thread second (bar,0);  // spawn new thread that calls bar(0)

	cout << "main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...\n";
	cout << "main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...\n";
	cout << "main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...\n";

	// synchronize threads:
	first.detach();
	second.detach();

	cout << "after detach thread, main return.\n";

	return 0;
}
/*
before spawn new thread, must be main...
foo:main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...
main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...
main, foo and bar now execute concurrently...
after detach thread, main return.
0
*/

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参考：
C++11多线程join()和detach()的理解