C/C++数学处理函数

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一、绝对值

1.abs和fabs的区别

函数	C库	C++库	作用	原型
abs(x)	<stdlib.h>	<cstdlib>	求整型数的绝对值
fabs(x)	<math.h>	<cmath>	求浮点数的绝对值

2.整数abs(x)

//C语言
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main(void) {
	// your code goes here
	int a = 10;
	long b = 100;
	long long c = 1000;
	printf("%d\n", abs(a));
	//10
	printf("%ld\n", abs(b));
	//10
	printf("%lld\n", abs(c));
	//10
	return 0;
}

//C++
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;

int main(void) {
	// your code goes here
	int a=10;
	long b=100;
	long long c=1000;
	cout<<abs(a)<<endl;
	//10
	cout<<abs(b)<<endl;
	//100
	cout<<abs(c)<<endl;
	//1000
	return 0;
}

3.fabs(x)

//C语言
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void) {
	// your code goes here
	float a = -3.14;
	double b = -3.141;
	printf("%f\n", fabs(a));
	//-3.140000
	printf("%lf\n", fabs(b));
	//-3.141000
	return 0;
}

//C++
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main(void) {
	// your code goes here
	float a=-4.13556;
	double b=-3.14;
	cout<<fabs(a)<<endl;
	//4.13556
	cout<<fabs(b)<<endl;
	//3.14
	return 0;
}

4.绝对值陷阱

C/C++之最值limits.h(climits)和limits头文件

二、n次方

1.头文件

#include <math.h>	//#include <cmath>

2.原型

double pow(double __x, double __y)

3.例如

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout << pow(2, 3) << endl;
    //8
    cout << pow(2.5, 2) << endl;
    //6.25
    cout << pow(4, 0.5) << endl;
    //2
    return 0;
}

三、平方根

1.头文件

#include <math.h>	//#include <cmath>

2.原型

double sqrt(double __x)

3.例如

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout << sqrt(4) << endl;
    //2
    cout << sqrt(6.25) << endl;
    //2.5
    return 0;
}

四、向上取整、向下取整、四舍五入

算法设计：2.向下取整、向上取整符号