【Android】View之ListView

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一、ListView

一个ListView的创建需要3步：

• （1）ListView很简单，和别的View控件一样：都是在布局文件中定义和在Activity文件中声明和findViewById()

<ListView
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/listview">
</ListView>

ListView listview=findViewById(R.id.listview);

• （2）构建Adapter

• （3）连接ListView与Adapter：listview.setAdapter(adapter);

二、Adapter的构建

ListView使用的Adapter是ListAdapter。
ListAdapter的构建：

三、例子

1.ArrayAdapter

（1）简单使用

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <ListView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/lv1">
    </ListView>

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

String数组

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 
    private ListView listView;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        要显示的数据
        String[] str={"Just","do","it"};
        //创建ArrayAdapter(Context context,@LayoutRes int resource,Object[] objects)
        arrayAdapter=new ArrayAdapter<>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,str);
        //获取ListView对象，通过调用setAdapter方法为ListView设置Adapter设置适配器
        listView= this.<ListView>findViewById(R.id.lv1);
        listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
    }
}

List泛型容器

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 
    private ListView listView;
    //ArrayAdapter里的类型是容器List里的类型String
    private ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter;
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 
        List<String> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add("Just");
        data.add("do");
        data.add("it");
        arrayAdapter=new ArrayAdapter<>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
        listView= this.<ListView>findViewById(R.id.lv1);
        listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
    }
}

（2）自定义

四步：

• 定义Fruit类
• 定义Item的布局
• 定义继承ArrayAdapter的FruitAdapter
• 绑定到ListView上

定义Fruit类

package com.example.hello;

public class Fruit {
    private String mName;
    private int mImageId;

    public Fruit(String name,int ImageId)
    {
        mName=name;
        mImageId=ImageId;
    }

    public String getmName()
    {
        return mName;
    }

    public int getmImageId()
    {
        return mImageId;
    }
}

定义Item的布局：layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"/>

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"/>

</LinearLayout>

定义继承ArrayAdapter的FruitAdapter

package com.example.hello;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.List;

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int mresource;

    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        mresource=resource;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
        View view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(mresource,parent,false);
        ImageView fruitImage=view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        TextView fruitText=view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getmImageId());
        fruitText.setText(fruit.getmName());
        return view;
    }
}

绑定到ListView上：MainActivity.java

package com.example.hello;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView listView;
    private FruitAdapter fruitAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        List<Fruit> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add(new Fruit("banana",R.drawable.banana));
        data.add(new Fruit("watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon));
        fruitAdapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.layout,data);
        listView= findViewById(R.id.lv1);
        listView.setAdapter(fruitAdapter);
    }
}

2.SimplerAdapter

（1）对条目创建自定义布局

listview_item.xml用来自定义条目的样式。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal">
 
    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:id="@+id/icon"
        />
 
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="40sp"
            android:id="@+id/text1"/>
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:id="@+id/text2"/>
    </LinearLayout>
 
</LinearLayout>

（2）数据源

List容器

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 
    private ListView listView;
    private List<Map<String ,Object>> arraylist;
    private SimpleAdapter simpleAdapter;
 
    private int[] icon={R.drawable.timg001,R.drawable.timg002,R.drawable.timg003};
    private String[] str1={"Just","do","it"};
    private String[] str2={"run","learn","play"};
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 
        arraylist=new ArrayList<>();
        //将Map<String,Object>添加进List中 
        for(int i=0;i<str1.length;i++)
        {
            Map<String ,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("icon",icon[i]);
            map.put("str1",str1[i]);
            map.put("str2",str2[i]);
            arraylist.add(map);
        }
        simpleAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(
        	this,
        	arraylist,
        	R.layout.listview_item,
            new String[]{"icon","str1","str2"},
            new int[]{R.id.icon,R.id.text1,R.id.text2}
        );
        listView=findViewById(R.id.lv1);
        listView.setAdapter(simpleAdapter);
    }
}

3.BaseAdapter

四、ListView点击事件

1.匿名内部类的方式

类似Button的点击，设置监听器，再重写点击函数。

listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,str[i],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
});

参数：

• i：就是点击的条目的下标（第几个，从0开始）

2.数据必须是final

数据是String数组

用Str[i]来获取点击条目的String内容。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView listView;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        
        final String[] str={"Just","do","it"};
        arrayAdapter=new ArrayAdapter<>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,str);
        
        listView= findViewById(R.id.lv);
        listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,str[i],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
}

数据是List泛型容器

用data.get(i)来获取对应的List泛型容器中的String内容。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView listView;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        final List<String> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add("Just");
        data.add("do");
        data.add("it");

        arrayAdapter=new ArrayAdapter<>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,data);
        listView= findViewById(R.id.lv);
        listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,data.get(i),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
}