JDBC：（七）DAO及相关实现类

• DAO：Data Access Object访问数据信息的类和接口，包括了对数据的CRUD（Create、Retrival、Update、Delete），而不包含任何业务相关的信息。有时也称作：BaseDAO

• 作用：为了实现功能的模块化，更有利于代码的维护和升级。

• 下面是查询Customers表的DAO使用的体现：
  

• 层次结构：

【BaseDAO.java】

package dao;

import util.JDBCUtils;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public abstract class BaseDAO<T> {

    /**
     * 不显式的赋值null也不会报错，为什么？
     */
    private Class<T> clazz = null;

    {
        Type genericSuperclass = this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
        ParameterizedType paramType = (ParameterizedType) genericSuperclass;

        Type[] actualTypeArguments = paramType.getActualTypeArguments();
        clazz = (Class<T>) actualTypeArguments[0];
    }
    

    public int update(Connection connection, String sql, Object ...args){
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        try {
            //预编译sql语句
            ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            //填充占位符
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
            }
            /*
             * 如果执行的是查询操作，有返回结果，则返回true
             * 如果执行的是增删改操作，没有返回结果，则返回false
             */
            return ps.executeUpdate();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null, ps);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /*
    public <T> T getInstance(Connection connection, Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object ...args){
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();

            if(rs.next()){
                T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
                ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
                int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                    Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
                    String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);

                    Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(t, columnValue);
                }
                return t;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
        }
        return null;
    }
     */

    /**
     * 通过泛型来减少类参数的传入
     */
    public T getInstance(Connection connection, String sql, Object ...args){
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();

            if(rs.next()){
                T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
                ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
                int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                    Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
                    String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);

                    Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(t, columnValue);
                }
                return t;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /*
    public <T> List<T> getForList(Connection connection, Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object ...args){
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();

            //创建集合对象
            List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();

            while(rs.next()){
                T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
                ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
                int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                    Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
                    String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);

                    Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(t, columnValue);
                }
                list.add(t);
            }
            return list;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
        }
        return null;
    }
    */

    /**
     * 通过泛型类减少类参数的传入
     */
    public List<T> getForList(Connection connection, String sql, Object ...args){
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();

            //创建集合对象
            List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();

            while(rs.next()){
                T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
                ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
                int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                    Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
                    String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);

                    Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(t, columnValue);
                }
                list.add(t);
            }
            return list;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public <E> E getValue(Connection connection, String sql, Object ...args){
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();

            if(rs.next()){
                return (E) rs.getObject(1);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

【CustomerDAO】

package dao;

import bean.Customer;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.util.List;

public interface CustomerDAO {
    /**
     * 将customer对象插入到数据库中
     * @param connection
     * @param customer
     */
    void insert(Connection connection, Customer customer);

    /**
     * 针对指定的id，删除表中的一条记录
     * @param connection
     * @param id
     */
    void deleteById(Connection connection, int id);

    /**
     * 针对内存中的customer对象，去修改数据表中的记录
     * @param connection
     * @param customer
     */
    void update(Connection connection, Customer customer);

    /**
     * 针对指定的id，查询对应的Customer对象
     * @param connection
     * @param id
     */
    Customer getCustomerById(Connection connection, int id);

    /**
     * 查询表中的所有记录构成的集合
     * @param connection
     * @return
     */
    List<Customer> getAll(Connection connection);

    /**
     * 返回数据表中的条目数
     * @param connection
     * @return
     */
    Long getCount(Connection connection);

    /**
     * 返回数据表中的最大的生日
     * @param connection
     * @return
     */
    Date getMaxBirth(Connection connection);
}

【CustomerDAOImpl】

package dao;

import bean.Customer;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class CustomerDAOImpl extends BaseDAO<Customer> implements CustomerDAO {

    @Override
    public void insert(Connection connection, Customer customer) {
        String sql = "insert into customers(name, email, birth) values(?,?,?)";
        update(connection, sql, customer.getName(), customer.getEmail(), customer.getBirth());
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteById(Connection connection, int id) {
        String sql = "delete from customers where id = ?";
        update(connection, sql, id);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Connection connection, Customer customer) {
        String sql = "Update customers set name = ?, email = ?, birth = ? where id = ?";
        update(connection, sql, customer.getName(), customer.getEmail(), customer.getBirth(), customer.getId());
    }

    /*
    @Override
    public Customer getCustomerById(Connection connection, int id) {
        String sql = "select id, name, email, birth from customers where id = ?";
        Customer customer = getInstance(connection, Customer.class, sql, id);
        return customer;
    }
    */

    /**
     * 通过获取父类的泛型来消除具体类的传入
     * @param connection
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public Customer getCustomerById(Connection connection, int id) {
        String sql = "select id, name, email, birth from customers where id = ?";
        Customer customer = getInstance(connection, sql, id);
        return customer;
    }
    /*
    @Override
    public List<Customer> getAll(Connection connection) {
        String sql = "select id, name, email, birth from customers";
        List<Customer> list = getForList(connection, Customer.class, sql);
        return list;
    }
    */

    /**
     * 通过获取父类的泛型来消除具体类的传入
     * @param connection
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public List<Customer> getAll(Connection connection) {
        String sql = "select id, name, email, birth from customers";
        List<Customer> list = getForList(connection, sql);
        return list;
    }


    @Override
    public Long getCount(Connection connection) {
        String sql = "select count(*) from customers";
        return getValue(connection, sql);
    }

    @Override
    public Date getMaxBirth(Connection connection) {
        String sql = "select max(birth) from customers";
        return getValue(connection, sql);
    }
}