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DAO:Data Access Object访问数据信息的类和接口,包括了对数据的CRUD(Create、Retrival、Update、Delete),而不包含任何业务相关的信息。有时也称作:BaseDAO
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作用:为了实现功能的模块化,更有利于代码的维护和升级。
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下面是查询Customers表的DAO使用的体现:
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层次结构:
【BaseDAO.java】
package dao;
import util.JDBCUtils;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public abstract class BaseDAO<T> {
/**
* 不显式的赋值null也不会报错,为什么?
*/
private Class<T> clazz = null;
{
Type genericSuperclass = this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
ParameterizedType paramType = (ParameterizedType) genericSuperclass;
Type[] actualTypeArguments = paramType.getActualTypeArguments();
clazz = (Class<T>) actualTypeArguments[0];
}
public int update(Connection connection, String sql, Object ...args){
PreparedStatement ps = null;
try {
//预编译sql语句
ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
//填充占位符
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
/*
* 如果执行的是查询操作,有返回结果,则返回true
* 如果执行的是增删改操作,没有返回结果,则返回false
*/
return ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.closeResource(null, ps);
}
return 0;
}
/*
public <T> T getInstance(Connection connection, Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object ...args){
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
rs = ps.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(t, columnValue);
}
return t;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
}
return null;
}
*/
/**
* 通过泛型来减少类参数的传入
*/
public T getInstance(Connection connection, String sql, Object ...args){
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
rs = ps.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(t, columnValue);
}
return t;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
}
return null;
}
/*
public <T> List<T> getForList(Connection connection, Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object ...args){
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
rs = ps.executeQuery();
//创建集合对象
List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
while(rs.next()){
T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(t, columnValue);
}
list.add(t);
}
return list;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
}
return null;
}
*/
/**
* 通过泛型类减少类参数的传入
*/
public List<T> getForList(Connection connection, String sql, Object ...args){
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
rs = ps.executeQuery();
//创建集合对象
List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
while(rs.next()){
T t = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(t, columnValue);
}
list.add(t);
}
return list;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
}
return null;
}
public <E> E getValue(Connection connection, String sql, Object ...args){
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
rs = ps.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
return (E) rs.getObject(1);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps, rs);
}
return null;
}
}
【CustomerDAO】
package dao;
import bean.Customer;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.util.List;
public interface CustomerDAO {
/**
* 将customer对象插入到数据库中
* @param connection
* @param customer
*/
void insert(Connection connection, Customer customer);
/**
* 针对指定的id,删除表中的一条记录
* @param connection
* @param id
*/
void deleteById(Connection connection, int id);
/**
* 针对内存中的customer对象,去修改数据表中的记录
* @param connection
* @param customer
*/
void update(Connection connection, Customer customer);
/**
* 针对指定的id,查询对应的Customer对象
* @param connection
* @param id
*/
Customer getCustomerById(Connection connection, int id);
/**
* 查询表中的所有记录构成的集合
* @param connection
* @return
*/
List<Customer> getAll(Connection connection);
/**
* 返回数据表中的条目数
* @param connection
* @return
*/
Long getCount(Connection connection);
/**
* 返回数据表中的最大的生日
* @param connection
* @return
*/
Date getMaxBirth(Connection connection);
}
【CustomerDAOImpl】
package dao;
import bean.Customer;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.util.List;
public class CustomerDAOImpl extends BaseDAO<Customer> implements CustomerDAO {
@Override
public void insert(Connection connection, Customer customer) {
String sql = "insert into customers(name, email, birth) values(?,?,?)";
update(connection, sql, customer.getName(), customer.getEmail(), customer.getBirth());
}
@Override
public void deleteById(Connection connection, int id) {
String sql = "delete from customers where id = ?";
update(connection, sql, id);
}
@Override
public void update(Connection connection, Customer customer) {
String sql = "Update customers set name = ?, email = ?, birth = ? where id = ?";
update(connection, sql, customer.getName(), customer.getEmail(), customer.getBirth(), customer.getId());
}
/*
@Override
public Customer getCustomerById(Connection connection, int id) {
String sql = "select id, name, email, birth from customers where id = ?";
Customer customer = getInstance(connection, Customer.class, sql, id);
return customer;
}
*/
/**
* 通过获取父类的泛型来消除具体类的传入
* @param connection
* @param id
* @return
*/
@Override
public Customer getCustomerById(Connection connection, int id) {
String sql = "select id, name, email, birth from customers where id = ?";
Customer customer = getInstance(connection, sql, id);
return customer;
}
/*
@Override
public List<Customer> getAll(Connection connection) {
String sql = "select id, name, email, birth from customers";
List<Customer> list = getForList(connection, Customer.class, sql);
return list;
}
*/
/**
* 通过获取父类的泛型来消除具体类的传入
* @param connection
* @return
*/
@Override
public List<Customer> getAll(Connection connection) {
String sql = "select id, name, email, birth from customers";
List<Customer> list = getForList(connection, sql);
return list;
}
@Override
public Long getCount(Connection connection) {
String sql = "select count(*) from customers";
return getValue(connection, sql);
}
@Override
public Date getMaxBirth(Connection connection) {
String sql = "select max(birth) from customers";
return getValue(connection, sql);
}
}