第二章 TypeScript

1. 类型

number
boolean
string
enum
Array<string>
any
void

var num:number = 10;
var str:string = "1231";
var bool:boolean = true;
var arr:number[] = [11,22,4,3];
function fun1(num:number): void{
    num += 1;
}
var kkk:any = true;
enum color {red, wight, black};

console.log('enum: ', color[0]);
console.log('enum: ', color.red);

2. 类

2.1 属性、方法以及构造函数

class Person{
    first_name:string;
    second_name:string;
    age:number;
    constructor(fname?:string, sname?:string, age?:number){
        this.first_name = fname;
        this.second_name = sname;
        this.age = age || 0;
    }
    AddInAge(addage:number):void{
        this.age += addage;
    }

}
var p:Person = new Person();// new Person('fname', 'sname', 10);
p.first_name = 'fname';
p.second_name = 'sname';
p.age = 10;
console.log(p);
p.AddInAge(5);
console.log(p);

2.2 继承

TypeScript强制执行的一条重要规则 : 派生类包含了一个构造函数，它必须调用 super()，它会执行基类的构造函数。 而且，在构造函数里访问 this的属性之前，我们 一定要调用 super()。

class Report{
    data: Array<string>;
    constructor(data:Array<string>){
        this.data = data;
    }
    run(){
        this.data.forEach(function(line){console.log(line)});
    }
}

class TabbedReport extends Report{
    headers: Array<string>;
    constructor(headers:string[], values:string[]){
        super(values);
        this.headers = headers;
    }
    run(){
        console.log(this.headers);
        super.run();
    }

}

var headers: string[] = ['Name'];
var data: string[] = ['Alice Green', 'Paul Pfifer', 'Louis Blakenship'];
var tab:TabbedReport = new TabbedReport(headers, data);
tab.run();

3. 工具

3.1 胖箭头函数语法

• 它和环绕它的外部代码共享同一个this
• 箭头函数是处理内联函数的好办法

var nate = {
    name: "Nate",
    guitars: ["Gibson", "Martin", "Taylor"],
    printGuitars:function(){
        var self = this;
        this.guitars.forEach(function(g){
            console.log(self.name, 'play ', g);
        });
    }
}
nate.printGuitars();

var nate = {
    name: "Nate",
    guitars: ["Gibson", "Martin", "Taylor"],
    printGuitars:function(){
        this.guitars.forEach(g=>{
            console.log(this.name, 'play ', g);   // 可以访问this
        });
    }
}
nate.printGuitars();

3.2 模板字符串 (反引号)

// (1) 字符串插值 可以在模板字符串中使用变量（不必被迫使用+来拼接字符串）；

var dogname:string = 'dog';
console.log(`hello, ${dogname}`);

// (2) 支持多行字符串

var longstr: string = `
hello, dog;
hello, cat;
`
console.log(`longstr: ${longstr}`);