typescript —— 函数

函数

1. 函数类型

let myAdd: (x: number, y: number) => number =
    function(x: number, y: number): number { return x + y; };

2. 可选参数 ？

可选参数必须跟在必须参数后面

function buildName(firstName: string, lastName?: string) {
    if (lastName)
        return firstName + " " + lastName;
    else
        return firstName;
}

3. 默认参数 =

function buildName(firstName: string, lastName = "Smith") {
    return firstName + " " + lastName;
}

与普通可选参数不同的是，带默认值的参数不需要放在必须参数的后面。 如果带默认值的参数出现在必须参数前面，用户必须明确的传入 undefined值来获得默认值。

function buildName(firstName = "Will", lastName: string) {
    return firstName + " " + lastName;
}

let result = buildName(undefined, "Adams");     // okay and returns "Will Adams"

4. 剩余参数

剩余参数会被当做个数不限的可选参数。 可以一个都没有，同样也可以有任意个。

function buildName(firstName: string, ...restOfName: string[]) {
  return firstName + " " + restOfName.join(" ");
}

let employeeName = buildName("Joseph", "Samuel", "Lucas", "MacKinzie");

5. this参数

interface Card {
    suit: string;
    card: number;
}
interface Deck {
    suits: string[];
    cards: number[];
    createCardPicker(this: Deck): () => Card;
}
let deck: Deck = {
    suits: ["hearts", "spades", "clubs", "diamonds"],
    cards: Array(52),
    // NOTE: The function now explicitly specifies that its callee must be of type Deck
    createCardPicker: function(this: Deck) {
        return () => {
            let pickedCard = Math.floor(Math.random() * 52);
            let pickedSuit = Math.floor(pickedCard / 13);

            return {suit: this.suits[pickedSuit], card: pickedCard % 13};
        }
    }
}

let cardPicker = deck.createCardPicker();
let pickedCard = cardPicker();

alert("card: " + pickedCard.card + " of " + pickedCard.suit);

6. 箭头函数

箭头函数能保存函数创建时的 this值，而不是调用时的值

7. 重载

查找重载列表，尝试使用第一个重载定义。 如果匹配的话就使用这个。 因此，在定义重载的时候，一定要把最精确的定义放在最前面

let suits = ["hearts", "spades", "clubs", "diamonds"];

function pickCard(x: {suit: string; card: number; }[]): number;
function pickCard(x: number): {suit: string; card: number; };
function pickCard(x): any {
    // Check to see if we're working with an object/array
    // if so, they gave us the deck and we'll pick the card
    if (typeof x == "object") {
        let pickedCard = Math.floor(Math.random() * x.length);
        return pickedCard;
    }
    // Otherwise just let them pick the card
    else if (typeof x == "number") {
        let pickedSuit = Math.floor(x / 13);
        return { suit: suits[pickedSuit], card: x % 13 };
    }
}

let myDeck = [{ suit: "diamonds", card: 2 }, { suit: "spades", card: 10 }, { suit: "hearts", card: 4 }];
let pickedCard1 = myDeck[pickCard(myDeck)];
alert("card: " + pickedCard1.card + " of " + pickedCard1.suit);

let pickedCard2 = pickCard(15);
alert("card: " + pickedCard2.card + " of " + pickedCard2.suit);