oracle手工建库（Build the Oracle Database Manually）

Build the Oracle Database Manually

    As we all know that Oracle offers two ways for us to build database. One is using the tool named DBCA, and another is to build database manually.
The first way to build database is so normal that we do not talk it this time. The emphasis of this article is to build the oracle database manually.
At the very beginning, we should make sure how many steps we should do. To build database manually first we should prepare the environmental parameters for oracle database, second prepare the password file and initial parameter file, third we should prepare scrip to create database, and finally prepare the directory for oracle database.

Now here we go.

1. Prepare the environmental parameter for database
[oracle@station03 ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@station03 ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/i386
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/i386/server
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
export CLASS_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASS_PATH=$CLASS_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASS_PATH=$CLASS_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export EDITOR=vi
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LANG=en_US
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

2. Prepare the password file and initial parameter file for database
[root@station03 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@station03 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/
@@ create the password file for orcl2
[oracle@station03 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapworcl2 password=oracle
@@ create the initial parameter file for orcl2
[oracle@station03 dbs]$ vim initorcl2.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=973078528
orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__large_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__shared_pool_size=301989888
orcl.__db_cache_size=973078528
orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__large_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__shared_pool_size=301989888
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl2/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl2/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/controlfile/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl2/controlfile/control01.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl2/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'
*.db_domain='example.com'
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl2'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=440401920
*.processes=200
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sessions=225

3. Prepare the scrip to create database
[oracle@station03 ~]$ vim create_db.sql
CREATE DATABASE orcl2
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY "oracle"
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY "oracle"
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo01_1.dbf','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo01_2.dbf') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo02_1.dbf','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo02_2.dbf') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo03_1.dbf','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo03_2.dbf') SIZE 50M
MAXLOGFILES 10
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/system01.dbf' SIZE 512M REUSE EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 512M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1 DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/undotbs1.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

4. Prepare the directory for database
[oracle@station03 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl2
[oracle@station03 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2
[oracle@station03 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/{controlfile,datafile,onlinelog}
[oracle@station03 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl2/{adump,bdump,cdump,udump}
[oracle@station03 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/ flash_recovery_area /orcl2

[oracle@station03 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/ flash_recovery_area /orcl2/controlfile

5. Create the database
[oracle@station03 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl2
[oracle@station03 orcl2]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
SQL> @/home/oracle/create_db.sql
Database created.
@@ now we check the database file
[oracle@station03 orcl2]$ ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/
total 301M
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Jul 30 07:22 controlfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Jul 30 07:23 datafile
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Jul 30 07:06 onlinelog
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Jul 30 07:53 redo01_1.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Jul 30 07:53 redo01_2.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Jul 30 07:22 redo02_1.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Jul 30 07:22 redo02_2.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Jul 30 07:22 redo03_1.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Jul 30 07:22 redo03_2.dbf
[oracle@station03 orcl2]$ ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/controlfile/
total 6.6M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.6M Jul 30 07:55 control01.ctl
[oracle@station03 orcl2]$ ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/
total 1.2G
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 513M Jul 30 07:24 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 513M Jul 30 07:53 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 21M Jul 30 07:23 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 201M Jul 30 07:46 undotbs1.dbf
@@ to create data directory view and the running environment for PL/SQL
SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create tablespace users datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/users01.dbf' size 200M reuse default storage (initial 5120K next 5120k pctincrease 20);
Tablespace created.
SQL> alter database default tablespace users;

Database altered.

6. Authentication
@@ now the database has been created, and we should test the database in the finally
[oracle@station03 orcl2]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl2
[oracle@station03 orcl2]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 30 08:47:29 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL2 (DBID=770813640)
MAN> list incarnation;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 1 ORCL2 770813640 CURRENT 1 30-JUL-12
RMAN> report schema;
Report of database schema
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 512 SYSTEM *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/system01.dbf
2 200 UNDOTBS1 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/undotbs1.dbf
3 512 SYSAUX *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/sysaux01.dbf
4 200 USERS *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/users01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 20 TEMP 20 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/datafile/temp01.dbf