设等比数列的前n项和为S(n), 等比数列的第一项为a1,比值为q。
(1)
S
(
n
)
=
a
1
+
a
1
∗
q
+
a
1
∗
q
2
+
.
.
.
.
+
a
1
∗
q
(
n
−
1
)
;
S(n) = a1 + a1 * q + a1 * q ^ 2 + .... + a1 * q ^ {(n - 1)};
S(n)=a1+a1∗q+a1∗q2+....+a1∗q(n−1);
(2)
S
(
n
+
1
)
=
a
1
+
a
1
∗
q
+
a
1
∗
q
2
+
.
.
.
.
+
a
1
∗
q
(
n
−
1
)
+
a
1
∗
q
n
;
S(n+1) = a1 + a1 * q + a1 * q ^ 2 + .... + a1 * q ^ {(n - 1)} + a1 * q ^ n;
S(n+1)=a1+a1∗q+a1∗q2+....+a1∗q(n−1)+a1∗qn;
由(2)式减(1)式得
(3)
S
(
n
+
1
)
−
s
(
n
)
=
a
1
∗
q
n
;
S(n+1) - s(n) = a1 * q ^ n;
S(n+1)−s(n)=a1∗qn;
由S(n) * q 得
(4)
S
(
n
)
∗
q
=
a
1
∗
q
+
a
1
∗
q
2
+
.
.
.
+
a
1
∗
q
n
;
S(n) * q = a1 * q + a1 * q ^ 2 + ... + a1 * q ^ n;
S(n)∗q=a1∗q+a1∗q2+...+a1∗qn;
由(2)- (4)得
(5)
S
(
n
+
1
)
−
S
(
n
)
∗
q
=
a
1
;
S(n+1) - S(n) * q = a1;
S(n+1)−S(n)∗q=a1;
由(3) - (5) 得
[
S
(
n
+
1
)
−
S
(
n
)
]
−
[
S
(
n
+
1
)
−
S
(
n
)
∗
q
]
=
a
1
∗
q
n
−
a
1
;
[S(n+1) - S(n)] - [S(n+1) - S(n) * q] = a1 * q ^ n - a1;
[S(n+1)−S(n)]−[S(n+1)−S(n)∗q]=a1∗qn−a1;
化简得:
S
(
n
)
∗
q
−
S
(
n
)
=
a
1
∗
(
q
n
−
1
)
;
S(n) * q - S(n) = a1 * (q ^ n - 1);
S(n)∗q−S(n)=a1∗(qn−1);
即:
S
(
n
)
=
a
1
∗
(
q
n
−
1
)
/
(
q
−
1
)
;
S(n) = a1 * (q ^ n - 1) / (q - 1);
S(n)=a1∗(qn−1)/(q−1);