Facade Design Pattern

何为Facade模式

Provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Facade Pattern defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use.

Facade(外观)模式为一系列子系统接口提供了一个统一的接口，此模式提供了一个在子系统之上的“层”，使得子系统更容易使用。

Facade模式的结构

在上述结构的外观模式Facade类隔离客户端的子系统。客户端只与外观类交互，而无需了解子系统类。

例子   (java)

Set of  Interface(建立两个子系统Package1和Package2,分别叫做MySql和Oracle.)

Mysql.java

import java.sql.Connection;

public class MySql {
     
    public static Connection getMySqlDBConnection(){
        //get MySql DB connection using connection parameters
        return null;
    }
     
    public void generateMySqlPDFReport(String tableName, Connection con){
        //get data from table and generate pdf report
    }
     
    public void generateMySqlHTMLReport(String tableName, Connection con){
        //get data from table and generate pdf report
    }
}

Oracle.java

import java.sql.Connection;
 
public class Oracle {
 
    public static Connection getOracleDBConnection(){
        //get MySql DB connection using connection parameters
        return null;
    }
     
    public void generateOraclePDFReport(String tableName, Connection con){
        //get data from table and generate pdf report
    }
     
    public void generateOracleHTMLReport(String tableName, Connection con){
        //get data from table and generate pdf report
    }
     
}

Facade Interface(创建Facade类，叫做facade.)

Facade.java

public class Facade {
 
    public static void generateReport(DBTypes dbType, ReportTypes reportType, String tableName){
        Connection con = null;
        switch (dbType){
        case MYSQL: 
            con = MySqlHelper.getMySqlDBConnection();
            MySqlHelper mySqlHelper = new MySqlHelper();
            switch(reportType){
            case HTML:
                mySqlHelper.generateMySqlHTMLReport(tableName, con);
                break;
            case PDF:
                mySqlHelper.generateMySqlPDFReport(tableName, con);
                break;
            }
            break;
        case ORACLE: 
            con = OracleHelper.getOracleDBConnection();
            OracleHelper oracleHelper = new OracleHelper();
            switch(reportType){
            case HTML:
                oracleHelper.generateOracleHTMLReport(tableName, con);
                break;
            case PDF:
                oracleHelper.generateOraclePDFReport(tableName, con);
                break;
            }
            break;
        }
         
    }
     
    public static enum DBTypes{
        MYSQL,ORACLE;<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//use enum for safety
    }
     
    public static enum ReportTypes{
        HTML,PDF;
    }
}

Client program(以下测试程序分别使用facade接口和不使用facade接口)

Test.java

import java.sql.Connection;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String tableName="Employee";
		
		//generating MySql HTML report and Oracle PDF report without using Facade
		Connection con = MySqlHelper.getMySqlDBConnection();
		MySqlHelper mySqlHelper = new MySqlHelper();
		mySqlHelper.generateMySqlHTMLReport(tableName, con);
		
		Connection con1 = OracleHelper.getOracleDBConnection();
		OracleHelper oracleHelper = new OracleHelper();
		oracleHelper.generateOraclePDFReport(tableName, con1);
		
		//generating MySql HTML report and Oracle PDF report using Facade
		HelperFacade.generateReport(HelperFacade.DBTypes.MYSQL, HelperFacade.ReportTypes.HTML, tableName);
		HelperFacade.generateReport(HelperFacade.DBTypes.ORACLE, HelperFacade.ReportTypes.PDF, tableName);
	}

}

使用facade接口可以避免大量的逻辑在客户端，JDBC驱动程序管理类获取数据的连接方式是facade模式一个很好地例子。