POJ 2001（字典树基础题）

POJ 2001 Shortest Prefixes

题目：A prefix of a string is a substring starting at the beginning of the given string. The prefixes of “carbon” are: “c”, “ca”, “car”, “carb”, “carbo”, and “carbon”. Note that the empty string is not considered a prefix in this problem, but every non-empty string is considered to be a prefix of itself. In everyday language, we tend to abbreviate words by prefixes. For example, “carbohydrate” is commonly abbreviated by “carb”. In this problem, given a set of words, you will find for each word the shortest prefix that uniquely identifies the word it represents.

In the sample input below, “carbohydrate” can be abbreviated to “carboh”, but it cannot be abbreviated to “carbo” (or anything shorter) because there are other words in the list that begin with “carbo”.

An exact match will override a prefix match. For example, the prefix “car” matches the given word “car” exactly. Therefore, it is understood without ambiguity that “car” is an abbreviation for “car” , not for “carriage” or any of the other words in the list that begins with “car”.

Input
The input contains at least two, but no more than 1000 lines. Each line contains one word consisting of 1 to 20 lower case letters.
Output
The output contains the same number of lines as the input. Each line of the output contains the word from the corresponding line of the input, followed by one blank space, and the shortest prefix that uniquely (without ambiguity) identifies this word.

Sample Input
carbohydrate
cart
carburetor
caramel
caribou
carbonic
cartilage
carbon
carriage
carton
car
carbonate

Sample Output
carbohydrate carboh
cart cart
carburetor carbu
caramel cara
caribou cari
carbonic carboni
cartilage carti
carbon carbon
carriage carr
carton carto
car car
carbonate carbona

题目大意：字符串是否存在最短前缀，即最短的独一无二的唯一前缀，存在则输出前缀，若不存在则输出本身。

建树时进行每个点的标记累加，标记为1则代表出现一次，即独一无二，查找时用ans储存已经查找的字符，注意ans与if条件的前后顺序。

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
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