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布局管理layout management — wx.GridSizer

2014年4月17日 admin 发表回复

顾名思义，wx.GridSizer 对其子部件以二维表的形式进行布局. 最高的那个子部件的宽度，决定每个格子的宽度. 每个格子的高度也是由最高的那个子部件的高度决定的.[more…]

wx.GridSizer(integer rows, integer cols, integer vgap, integer hgap)

在它的构建器中，我们需要提供行数、列数以及各子部件在水平和垂直方向的空白距离. 通过 AddMany() 方法将子部件插入进这个表格. 子部件按从左到右、从上到下顺序插入.

wx.GridSizer(integer rows, integer cols, integer vgap, integer hgap)

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8

#calculator.py

import wx

class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
        
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, wx.DefaultPosition, 
                          wx.Size(300, 250))
        self.formula = False
        menubar = wx.MenuBar()
        file = wx.Menu()
        file.Append(22, '退出(&Q)', '退出计算器')
        menubar.Append(file, '文件(&F)')
        self.SetMenuBar(menubar)
        wx.EVT_MENU(self, 22, self.OnClose)
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.display = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, '', style=wx.TE_RIGHT)
        sizer.Add(self.display, 0, wx.EXPAND | wx.TOP | wx.BOTTOM, 4)

        gs = wx.GridSizer(4, 4, 3, 3)
        gs.AddMany([
                    (wx.Button(self, 20, '清除'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 21, '退格'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.StaticText(self, -1, ''), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 22, '关闭'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 1, '7'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 2, '8'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 3, '9'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 4, '/'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 5, '4'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 6, '5'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 7, '6'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 8, '*'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 9, '1'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 10, '2'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 11, '3'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 12, '-'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 13, '0'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 14, '.'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 15, '='), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    (wx.Button(self, 16, '+'), 0, wx.EXPAND),
                    ])
        
        sizer.Add(gs, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        
        self.SetSizer(sizer)
        self.Centre()

        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnClear, id=20)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnBackspace, id=21)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnClose, id=22)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnSeven, id=1)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnEight, id=2)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnNine, id=3)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnDivide, id=4)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnFour, id=5)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnFive, id=6)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnSix, id=7)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnMultiply, id=8)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnOne, id=9)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnTwo, id=10)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnThree, id=11)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnMinus, id=12)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnZero, id=13)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnDot, id=14)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnEqual, id=15)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnPlus, id=16)
        
    def OnClear(self, event):
        self.display.Clear()
    
    def OnBackspace(self, event):
        formula = self.display.GetValue()
        self.display.Clear()
        self.display.SetValue(formula[:-1])
        
    def OnClose(self, event):
        self.Close()
        
    def OnDivide(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            return
        self.display.AppendText('/')

    def OnMultiply(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            return
        self.display.AppendText('*')
        
    def OnMinus(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            return
        self.display.AppendText('-')
        
    def OnPlus(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            return
        self.display.AppendText('+')
    
    def OnDot(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            return
        self.display.AppendText('.')
        
    def OnEqual(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            return
        formula = self.display.GetValue()
        self.formula = False
        try:
            self.display.Clear()
            output = eval(formula)
            self.display.AppendText(str(output))
        except StandardError:
            self.display.AppendText('错误')
            
    def OnZero(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('0')

    def OnOne(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('1')
        
    def OnTwo(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('2')
        
    def OnThree(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('3')
        
    def OnFour(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('4')
        
    def OnFive(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('5')
        
    def OnSix(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('6')

    def OnSeven(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('7')

    def OnEight(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('8')
        
    def OnNine(self, event):
        if self.formula:
            self.display.Clear()
            self.formula = False
        self.display.AppendText('9')
        
class MyApp(wx.App):
    def OnInit(self):
        frame = MyFrame(None, -1, 'calculator.py')
        frame.Show(True)
        return True
    
app = MyApp(0)
app.MainLoop()

我们输入的算式 (formula) 由 python 内建的 eval() 函数进行处理.

output = eval(formula)

如在算式中出现了错误，将会示出一个错误消息. 这里要注意的是如何在“退格” 和 “关闭” 按钮之间放入一个空白的. 我们只是简单地放了一个空的 wx.StaticText 在那. 像这样的把戏（tricks）是很常见的.

图：calculator.py