可参考
https://mofanpy.com/tutorials/data-manipulation/plt/
基本用法
# set new sticks
new_ticks = np.linspace(-1, 2, 5)
print(new_ticks)
plt.xticks(new_ticks)
# set tick labels
plt.yticks([-2, -1.8, -1, 1.22, 3],
[r'$really\ bad$', r'$bad$', r'$normal$', r'$good$', r'$really\ good$'])
plt.show()
使用plt.gca获取当前坐标轴信息. 使用.spines设置边框:右侧边框;使用.set_color设置边框颜色:默认白色; 使用.spines设置边框:上边框;使用.set_color设置边框颜色:默认白色;
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2
plt.figure()
plt.plot(x, y2)
# plot the second curve in this figure with certain parameters
plt.plot(x, y1, color='red', linewidth=1.0, linestyle='--')
# set x limits
plt.xlim((-1, 2))
plt.ylim((-2, 3))
# set new ticks
new_ticks = np.linspace(-1, 2, 5)
plt.xticks(new_ticks)
# set tick labels
plt.yticks([-2, -1.8, -1, 1.22, 3],
['$really\ bad$', '$bad$', '$normal$', '$good$', '$really\ good$'])
# to use '$ $' for math text and nice looking, e.g. '$\pi$'
# gca = 'get current axis'
ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
# ACCEPTS: [ 'top' | 'bottom' | 'both' | 'default' | 'none' ]
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
# the 1st is in 'outward' | 'axes' | 'data'
# axes: percentage of y axis
# data: depend on y data
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('default')
# ACCEPTS: [ 'left' | 'right' | 'both' | 'default' | 'none' ]
plt.show()
# ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
# plt.show()
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2
plt.figure()
plt.plot(x, y2)
# plot the second curve in this figure with certain parameters
plt.plot(x, y1, color='red', linewidth=1.0, linestyle='--')
# set x limits
plt.xlim((-1, 2))
plt.ylim((-2, 3))
# set new ticks
new_ticks = np.linspace(-1, 2, 5)
plt.xticks(new_ticks)
# set tick labels
plt.yticks([-2, -1.8, -1, 1.22, 3],
['$really\ bad$', '$bad$', '$normal$', '$good$', '$really\ good$'])
# to use '$ $' for math text and nice looking, e.g. '$\pi$'
# gca = 'get current axis'
ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
# ACCEPTS: [ 'top' | 'bottom' | 'both' | 'default' | 'none' ]
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
# the 1st is in 'outward' | 'axes' | 'data'
# axes: percentage of y axis
# data: depend on y data
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('default')
# ACCEPTS: [ 'left' | 'right' | 'both' | 'default' | 'none' ]
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
plt.show()
添加图例
matplotlib 中的 legend 图例就是为了帮我们展示出每个数据对应的图像名称. 更好的让读者认识到你的数据结构
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2
plt.figure()
# set x limits
plt.xlim((-1, 2))
plt.ylim((-2, 3))
# set new sticks
new_sticks = np.linspace(-1, 2, 5)
plt.xticks(new_sticks)
# set tick labels
plt.yticks([-2, -1.8, -1, 1.22, 3],
[r'$really\ bad$', r'$bad$', r'$normal$', r'$good$', r'$really\ good$'])
l1, = plt.plot(x, y1, label='linear line')
l2, = plt.plot(x, y2, color='red', linewidth=1.0, linestyle='--', label='square line')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
# plt.legend(handles=[l1, l2], labels=['up', 'down'], loc='best')
# the "," is very important in here l1, = plt... and l2, = plt... for this step
"""legend( handles=(line1, line2, line3),
labels=('label1', 'label2', 'label3'),
'upper right')
The *loc* location codes are::
'best' : 0, (currently not supported for figure legends)
'upper right' : 1,
'upper left' : 2,
'lower left' : 3,
'lower right' : 4,
'right' : 5,
'center left' : 6,
'center right' : 7,
'lower center' : 8,
'upper center' : 9,
'center' : 10,"""
plt.show()
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 50)
y = 2*x + 1
plt.figure(num=1, figsize=(8, 5),)
plt.plot(x, y,)
ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 0))
x0 = 1
y0 = 2*x0 + 1
plt.plot([x0, x0,], [0, y0,], 'k--', linewidth=2.5)
plt.scatter([x0, ], [y0, ], s=50, color='b')
# method 1:
#####################
plt.annotate(r'$2x+1=%s$' % y0, xy=(x0, y0), xycoords='data', xytext=(+30, -30),
textcoords='offset points', fontsize=16,
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle="arc3,rad=.2"))
# method 2:
########################
plt.text(-3.7, 3, r'$This\ is\ the\ some\ text. \mu\ \sigma_i\ \alpha_t$',
fontdict={'size': 16, 'color': 'r'})
plt.show()
n = 12
X = np.arange(n)
Y1 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
Y2 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
plt.bar(X, +Y1, facecolor='#9999ff', edgecolor='white')
plt.bar(X, -Y2, facecolor='#ff9999', edgecolor='white')
for x, y in zip(X, Y1):
# ha: horizontal alignment
# va: vertical alignment
plt.text(x + 0.05, y + 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='bottom')
for x, y in zip(X, Y2):
# ha: horizontal alignment
# va: vertical alignment
plt.text(x + 0.05, -y - 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='top')
plt.xlim(-.5, n)
plt.xticks(())
plt.ylim(-1.25, 1.25)
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
# X, Y value
X = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)
# height value
Z = np.sin(R)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow'))
"""
============= ================================================
Argument Description
============= ================================================
*X*, *Y*, *Z* Data values as 2D arrays
*rstride* Array row stride (step size), defaults to 10
*cstride* Array column stride (step size), defaults to 10
*color* Color of the surface patches
*cmap* A colormap for the surface patches.
*facecolors* Face colors for the individual patches
*norm* An instance of Normalize to map values to colors
*vmin* Minimum value to map
*vmax* Maximum value to map
*shade* Whether to shade the facecolors
============= ================================================
"""
# I think this is different from plt12_contours
ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-2, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow'))
"""
========== ================================================
Argument Description
========== ================================================
*X*, *Y*, Data values as numpy.arrays
*Z*
*zdir* The direction to use: x, y or z (default)
*offset* If specified plot a projection of the filled contour
on this position in plane normal to zdir
========== ================================================
"""
ax.set_zlim(-2, 2)
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
# method 1: subplot2grid
##########################
plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (0, 0), colspan=3) # stands for axes
ax1.plot([1, 2], [1, 2])
ax1.set_title('ax1_title')
ax2 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (1, 0), colspan=2)
ax3 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (1, 2), rowspan=2)
ax4 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (2, 0))
ax4.scatter([1, 2], [2, 2])
ax4.set_xlabel('ax4_x')
ax4.set_ylabel('ax4_y')
ax5 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (2, 1))
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(3, 3)
# use index from 0
ax6 = plt.subplot(gs[0, :])
ax7 = plt.subplot(gs[1, :2])
ax8 = plt.subplot(gs[1:, 2])
ax9 = plt.subplot(gs[-1, 0])
ax10 = plt.subplot(gs[-1, -2])
# method 3: easy to define structure
####################################
f, ((ax11, ax12), (ax13, ax14)) = plt.subplots(2, 2, sharex=True, sharey=True)
ax11.scatter([1,2], [1,2])
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()