Spring MVC的API:
DispatcherServlet: 整个Spring MVC的前端控制器,由它来接管来自客户端的请求
HandlerMapping: DispatcherServlet会通过它来处理客户端请求到各个(Controller)处理器的映射
HandlerAdapter: HandlerMapping会根据它来调用Controller里需要被执行的方法
HandlerExceptionResolver: spring mvc处理流程中,如果有异常抛出,会交给它来进行异常处理
ViewResolver: HandlerAdapter会把Controller中调用返回值最终包装成ModelAndView,ViewResolver会检查其中的view,如果view是一个字符串,它就负责处理这个字符串并返回一个真正的View,如果view是一个真正的View则不会交给它处理,为什么view即可以是字符串又会是View呢下面会进行解释
View: 对应MVC 中的V, 此接口只有一个方法 render,用于视图展现
ModelAndView 对于解决上面介绍ViewResoler或者下面图片的疑惑,这个类中的view这个属性是 Object 类型的,它可以是一个视图名也可以是一个实际的View,这点我们观察其源码可以很清楚的看出来
Spring MVC流程:
1.通过DispatcherServlet拦截用户请求
2.DispatcherServlet从HandlerMapping映射中获取用户请求是到哪个Controller,并把结果返回到DispatcherServlet中
3.请求到达Controller后,执行相关业务,返回ModelAndView到DispatcherServlet中
4.根据ModelAndView从ViewResolver中找到需要显示的View,并返回到DispatcherServlet中
5.DispatcherServlet把View响应到用户端
Spring MVC的简单实现:
web.xml的相关配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
<!-- Spring MVC的核心控制器(前端控制器)拦截用户的请求 -->
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 开启服务时初始化,创建相应的Bean -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
创建自己的Controller(后端控制器),继承AbstractController并实现handleRequestInternal方法
public class LoginAction extends AbstractController {
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
}
applicationContext.xml的相关配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置controller的业务Bean -->
<bean id="loginAction" class="com.web.action.LoginAction">
</bean>
<!-- 配置url与controller的映射关系 -->
<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/login.do">loginAction</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置视图View(已jsp作为视图) -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
现在如果用户发送/login.do的请求,请求就会到达LoginAction中进行处理,以及响应客户端
用以上的相关配置有一点不好的地方就是,用户的每个请求都需要用一个Controller来处理,要怎么样才能实现一个Controller中写多个处理方法接受用户不同的请求呢?有以下两种方式:
方式一:继承
Controller不再继承AbstractController类,现在继承MultiActionController类来实现多方法,处理方式如下
web.xml的相关配置不变,需要重写LoginAction这个Controller类
package com.web.action;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;
/**
* 继承AbstractController只能实现一个动作对应一个方法
* 继承MultiActionController实现一个controller中写多个方法
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class LoginAction extends MultiActionController {
private String fromView;
private String toView;
/**
*
* 处理方法的访问修饰符只能为public
* @param request
* @param response
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public ModelAndView getList(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
request.setAttribute("list", "执行getList方法成功");
return new ModelAndView(toView);
}
public ModelAndView doLogin(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//获取表单数据
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//调用业务逻辑方法
String result = login(username, password);
if("success".equals(result)){
request.setAttribute("result", "成功");
return new ModelAndView(toView);
}else{
request.setAttribute("result", "失敗");
return new ModelAndView(fromView);
}
}
private String login(String username, String password){
if("123".equals(username) && "admin".equals(password)){
return "success";
}
return "fail";
}
public String getFromView() {
return fromView;
}
public void setFromView(String fromView) {
this.fromView = fromView;
}
public String getToView() {
return toView;
}
public void setToView(String toView) {
this.toView = toView;
}
}
applicationContext.xml的相关配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置methodNameResolver -->
<bean id="ParameterMethodNameResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.ParameterMethodNameResolver">
<property name="paramName" value="action"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置controller的业务Bean -->
<bean id="loginAction" class="com.web.action.LoginAction">
<!-- controller继承MultiActionController并添加这个配置,使controller能写多个方法 -->
<property name="methodNameResolver" ref="ParameterMethodNameResolver"/>
<!-- 初始化属性 -->
<property name="fromView" value="login"/>
<property name="toView" value="index"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置url与controller的映射关系 -->
<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/login.do">loginAction</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置视图View(已jsp作为视图) -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/"/>
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
用户发送请求/login.do?action=doLogin或者/login.do?action=getList就会执行相应的处理方法了,这样就可以访问了
方式二:注解
web.xml的相关配置不变,需要重写LoginAction这个Controller类
业务类UserService:添加注解@Service
package com.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* 业务类(M)
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@Service
public class UserService {
public String login(String username, String password){
if("123".equals(username) && "admin".equals(password)){
return "登录成功";
}
return "登录失败";
}
}
Controller类LoginAction:添加注解@Controller
package com.web.action;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.service.UserService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/login")
public class LoginAction {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
/**
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
* 返回ModelAndView,并使用map传递数据到页面
*/
@RequestMapping("/doLogin.do")
public ModelAndView doLogin(String username, String password) {
String result = userService.login(username, password);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("result", result);
if("登录成功".equals(result)){
return new ModelAndView("index",map);
}
return new ModelAndView("login",map);
}
/**
* @param request
* @return
* 返回String,使用request传递数据到页面
*/
@RequestMapping("/getList.do")
public String getList(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("result", "执行GetList方法成功");
return "/index";
}
}
applicationContext.xml的相关配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
">
<!-- 自动扫描路径下的所有文件,并根据注解完成注入的工作 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.service,com.web.action"/>
<!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
<!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
<!-- 使spring支持注解 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- 配置视图View(已jsp作为视图) -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
用户请求:
<a href="login/getList.do">点击获取List</a>
<form action="login/doLogin.do" method="post"></form>,访问成功。
但是存在以下疑点:
在applicationContext.xml配置中,我删除以下配置仍可正常运行...
<!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
<!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
<!-- 使spring支持注解 -->
<context:annotation-config/>