(XPath、XMl和对象之间的转换)
1、XPath的介绍
XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言。类似于数据库的SQL。
XPath 是通过元素和属性进行查找
XPath简化了Dom4j查找节点的过程
使用XPath必须导入jaxen-1.1-beta-6.jar
否则出现NoClassDefFoundError: org/jaxen/JaxenException
2、Xpath语法:
3、XPath进行信息查询的代码:
package com.test;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
public class TestXPath {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File xmlFile = new File(
"D:\\WorkSpace6.5\\java1603\\Eclipse\\Xml_Project\\src\\student.xml");
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
String xpath = "";
List<Element> stuList = null;
Element element = null;
try {
Document document = saxReader.read(xmlFile);
Element root = document.getRootElement();
/**
* 1:通过XPath来查找节点
*/
// 1:查找XML所有的student
xpath = "/root/student";
stuList = document.selectNodes(xpath);
System.out.println(stuList.size());
/**
* 2:使用相对路径,从root来查询
*/
stuList = root.selectNodes("student");
System.out.println(stuList.size());
/**
* 3:获取所有name为student元素对象,不考虑位置
*/
stuList = document.selectNodes("//student");
System.out.println(stuList.size());
// 2:查询sudent元素中id = 4的元素节点
element = (Element) document.selectSingleNode("//student[@id='4']");
System.out.println(element.attributeValue("id"));
// 3:查询性别为男的元素节点
stuList = document.selectNodes("/root/student[stu_sex='男']");
System.out.println(stuList.size());
// 4:查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,类似like语句。
stuList = document
.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a')]");
System.out.println(stuList.size());
// 4:查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,或者年龄大于20岁
stuList = document
.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a') or stu_age>=20]");
System.out.println(stuList.size());
// 4:查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,并且年龄大于20岁
stuList = document
.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a')][stu_age>=20]");
System.out.println(stuList.size());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4、XMl与对象之间的转换
XStream对象相当Java对象和XML之间的转换器,转换过程是双向的。创建XSteam对象的方式很简单,只需要new XStream()即可。
Java到xml,用toXML()方法。
Xml到Java,用fromXML()方法。
在没有任何设置默认情况下,java到xml的映射,是java成员名对应xml的元素名,java类的全名对应xml根元素的名字。而实际中,往往是xml和java类都有了,要完成相互转换,必须进行别名映射。
别名配置包含三种情况:
1、类别名,用alias(String name, Class type)。
2、类成员别名,用aliasField(String alias, Class definedIn, String fieldName)
3、类成员作为属性别名,用 aliasAttribute(Class definedIn, String attributeName, String alias)
package com.test;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import com.bean.StudentBean;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.DomDriver;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XmlFriendlyNameCoder;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;
/**
* XML与Java对象之间的转换
*
* @author ctd
*
*/
public class XmlToJava {
public static void main(String[] args) {
XmlToJava.objectToXML();
// XmlToJava.xmlToObject();
}
private static void objectToXML() {
StudentBean student = new StudentBean();
student.setStu_id(1);
student.setStu_name("admin");
student.setStu_sex("男");
student.setStu_content("备注内容");
student.setStu_age(20);
/**
* 将对象转为XML字符串/XML文件
*
* 1:通过字符串的拼接
*
* 2:通过X-Stream对象来进行转换,得包含xstream-1.4.5.jar
*/
/**
* 解决下划线的问题
*/
XStream stream = new XStream(new XppDriver(new XmlFriendlyNameCoder(
"_-", "_")));
/**
* 更改根节点的名称
*/
stream.alias("root", StudentBean.class);
/**
* 将id做为属性
*/
stream.aliasAttribute(StudentBean.class, "stu_id", "id");
System.out.println(stream.toXML(student));
/**
* 生成一个文件
*/
try {
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(
"E:\\test.xml");
fileOutputStream.write("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
.getBytes());
fileOutputStream.write("\n".getBytes());
stream.toXML(student, fileOutputStream);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void xmlToObject() {
XStream stream = new XStream(new DomDriver());
stream.alias("root", StudentBean.class);
stream.aliasAttribute(StudentBean.class, "stu_id", "id");
StringBuffer xml = new StringBuffer();
xml.append("<root id='2'>");
xml.append(" <stu_name>admin</stu_name>");
xml.append(" <stu_sex>男</stu_sex>");
xml.append(" <stu_age>20</stu_age>");
xml.append(" <stu_content>备注内容</stu_content>");
xml.append("</root>");
StudentBean studentBean = (StudentBean) stream.fromXML(xml.toString());
System.out.println(studentBean.getStu_id() + "\t"
+ studentBean.getStu_name());
}
}
studentBean.java
package com.bean;
public class StudentBean {
private int stu_id;
private String stu_name;
private String stu_sex;
private int stu_age;
private String stu_content;
public int getStu_id() {
return stu_id;
}
public void setStu_id(int stu_id) {
this.stu_id = stu_id;
}
public String getStu_name() {
return stu_name;
}
public void setStu_name(String stu_name) {
this.stu_name = stu_name;
}
public String getStu_sex() {
return stu_sex;
}
public void setStu_sex(String stu_sex) {
this.stu_sex = stu_sex;
}
public int getStu_age() {
return stu_age;
}
public void setStu_age(int stu_age) {
this.stu_age = stu_age;
}
public String getStu_content() {
return stu_content;
}
public void setStu_content(String stu_content) {
this.stu_content = stu_content;
}
}