3.2XML中的XPath和XML、对象之间的转换

（XPath、XMl和对象之间的转换）

1、XPath的介绍

XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言。类似于数据库的SQL。

XPath 是通过元素和属性进行查找

XPath简化了Dom4j查找节点的过程
使用XPath必须导入jaxen-1.1-beta-6.jar
否则出现NoClassDefFoundError: org/jaxen/JaxenException

2、Xpath语法：

3、XPath进行信息查询的代码：

package com.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class TestXPath {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		File xmlFile = new File(
				"D:\\WorkSpace6.5\\java1603\\Eclipse\\Xml_Project\\src\\student.xml");

		SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
		String xpath = "";
		List<Element> stuList = null;
		Element element = null;
		try {
			Document document = saxReader.read(xmlFile);
			Element root = document.getRootElement();
			/**
			 * 1：通过XPath来查找节点
			 */
			// 1：查找XML所有的student
			xpath = "/root/student";
			stuList = document.selectNodes(xpath);
			System.out.println(stuList.size());

			/**
			 * 2：使用相对路径，从root来查询
			 */
			stuList = root.selectNodes("student");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());
			/**
			 * 3：获取所有name为student元素对象，不考虑位置
			 */
			stuList = document.selectNodes("//student");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());

			// 2：查询sudent元素中id = 4的元素节点
			element = (Element) document.selectSingleNode("//student[@id='4']");
			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("id"));

			// 3：查询性别为男的元素节点
			stuList = document.selectNodes("/root/student[stu_sex='男']");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());
			// 4：查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,类似like语句。
			stuList = document
					.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a')]");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());

			// 4：查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,或者年龄大于20岁
			stuList = document
					.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a') or stu_age>=20]");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());
			// 4：查询名称中包含"a"的元素节点,并且年龄大于20岁
			stuList = document
					.selectNodes("/root/student[contains(stu_name,'a')][stu_age>=20]");
			System.out.println(stuList.size());

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

4、XMl与对象之间的转换

   XStream对象相当Java对象和XML之间的转换器，转换过程是双向的。创建XSteam对象的方式很简单，只需要new XStream()即可。

              Java到xml，用toXML()方法。  
              Xml到Java，用fromXML()方法。 

 在没有任何设置默认情况下，java到xml的映射，是java成员名对应xml的元素名，java类的全名对应xml根元素的名字。而实际中，往往是xml和java类都有了，要完成相互转换，必须进行别名映射。
别名配置包含三种情况： 
 1、类别名，用alias(String name, Class type)。 
 2、类成员别名，用aliasField(String alias, Class definedIn, String fieldName) 
 3、类成员作为属性别名，用 aliasAttribute(Class definedIn, String attributeName, String alias)

package com.test;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import com.bean.StudentBean;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.DomDriver;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XmlFriendlyNameCoder;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;

/**
 * XML与Java对象之间的转换
 * 
 * @author ctd
 *
 */
public class XmlToJava {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		XmlToJava.objectToXML();

		// XmlToJava.xmlToObject();
	}

	private static void objectToXML() {
		StudentBean student = new StudentBean();
		student.setStu_id(1);
		student.setStu_name("admin");
		student.setStu_sex("男");
		student.setStu_content("备注内容");
		student.setStu_age(20);

		/**
		 * 将对象转为XML字符串/XML文件
		 * 
		 * 1：通过字符串的拼接
		 * 
		 * 2：通过X-Stream对象来进行转换，得包含xstream-1.4.5.jar
		 */
		/**
		 * 解决下划线的问题
		 */
		XStream stream = new XStream(new XppDriver(new XmlFriendlyNameCoder(
				"_-", "_")));
		/**
		 * 更改根节点的名称
		 */
		stream.alias("root", StudentBean.class);
		/**
		 * 将id做为属性
		 */
		stream.aliasAttribute(StudentBean.class, "stu_id", "id");
		System.out.println(stream.toXML(student));

		/**
		 * 生成一个文件
		 */
		try {
			FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(
					"E:\\test.xml");
			fileOutputStream.write("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"
					.getBytes());
			fileOutputStream.write("\n".getBytes());
			stream.toXML(student, fileOutputStream);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private static void xmlToObject() {
		XStream stream = new XStream(new DomDriver());
		stream.alias("root", StudentBean.class);
		stream.aliasAttribute(StudentBean.class, "stu_id", "id");

		StringBuffer xml = new StringBuffer();
		xml.append("<root id='2'>");
		xml.append("  <stu_name>admin</stu_name>");
		xml.append("  <stu_sex>男</stu_sex>");
		xml.append("  <stu_age>20</stu_age>");
		xml.append("  <stu_content>备注内容</stu_content>");
		xml.append("</root>");
		StudentBean studentBean = (StudentBean) stream.fromXML(xml.toString());

		System.out.println(studentBean.getStu_id() + "\t"
				+ studentBean.getStu_name());
	}
}

studentBean.java

package com.bean;

public class StudentBean {
	private int stu_id;
	private String stu_name;
	private String stu_sex;
	private int stu_age;
	private String stu_content;

	public int getStu_id() {
		return stu_id;
	}

	public void setStu_id(int stu_id) {
		this.stu_id = stu_id;
	}

	public String getStu_name() {
		return stu_name;
	}

	public void setStu_name(String stu_name) {
		this.stu_name = stu_name;
	}

	public String getStu_sex() {
		return stu_sex;
	}

	public void setStu_sex(String stu_sex) {
		this.stu_sex = stu_sex;
	}

	public int getStu_age() {
		return stu_age;
	}

	public void setStu_age(int stu_age) {
		this.stu_age = stu_age;
	}

	public String getStu_content() {
		return stu_content;
	}

	public void setStu_content(String stu_content) {
		this.stu_content = stu_content;
	}

}