c/c++结构体的定义及使用：struct 和typedef struct详细总结（含代码实例）

c/c++结构体的定义及使用：struct 和typedef struct详细总结（含代码实例）

Forever_Blue_sky 2019-04-15 21:32:12  3954  收藏 44

分类专栏： c/c++ 结构体struct和typedef struct的定义和使用

 

 

c/c++结构体的定义及使用：struct 和typedef struct详细总结（含代码实例）

• 结构体struct详解
  • struct结构体变量
  • 一般形式
  • 成员的获取和赋值
  • 指针和数组
    • 数组成员赋值
    • 结构体嵌套
    • 结构体与函数
• 结构体typedef struct详解
  • 一般形式
    • 形式一
    • 形式二
  • typedef struct的用法实践
    • 用途1
    • 用途2
  • 定义结构体数组类型
    • 规范
    • 例子
  • 定义结构体指针
    • 规范
    • 定义实现
  • 在c和c++中struct和typedef struct的区别
    • 区别一
    • 区别二
    • 区别三
• 综合实例
  • Test1
  • Test2
  • Test3 typedef与数组类型、数组指针
  • Test4 结构体指针（二层指针）
• 参考链接

 

结构体struct详解

数组（Array），它是一组具有相同类型的数据的集合。但在实际的编程过程中，我们往往还需要一组类型不同的数据，显然不能用一个数组来存放：

在C语言中，可以使用结构体（Struct） 来存放*一组不同类型的数据*。结构体的定义形式为：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> 结构体名<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	结构体所包含的变量或数组
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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结构体是一种集合，它里面包含了多个变量或数组，它们的类型可以相同，也可以不同，每个这样的变量或数组都称为结构体的成员（Member），如下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> student<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>name<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//姓名</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> num<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//学号</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//年龄</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> group<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//所在学习小组</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">float</span> score<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//成绩</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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student为结构体名，它包含了 5 个成员，分别是 name、num、age、group、score。结构体成员的定义方式与变量和数组的定义方式相同，只是不能初始化。
结构体也是一种数据类型，它由程序员自己定义，可以包含多个其他类型的数据。

struct结构体变量

既然结构体是一种数据类型，那么就可以用它来定义变量。例如：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> student student1<span style="color:#999999">,</span>student2<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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定义了两个变量 student1 和 student2，它们都是 student 类型，都由 5 个成员组成。注意关键字struct不能少。

也可以在定义结构体的同时定义结构体变量（如下例所示）：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> student<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>name<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//姓名</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> num<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//学号</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//年龄</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> group<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//所在学习小组</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">float</span> score<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//成绩</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>stduent1<span style="color:#999999">,</span>student2<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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将变量放在结构体定义的最后即可。
如果只需要 student1、student2 两个变量，后面不需要再使用结构体名定义其他变量，那么在定义时也可以不给出结构体名，如下所示：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//无需写出student</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>name<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//姓名</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> num<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//学号</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//年龄</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> group<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//所在学习小组</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">float</span> score<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//成绩</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>stduent1<span style="color:#999999">,</span>student2<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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这样写的优点就是简单，缺点就是由于没有结构体名，后面无法用该结构定义新的变量。

理论上讲结构体的各个成员在内存中是连续存储的，和数组非常类似，例如上面的结构体变量 student1、student2 的内存分布如下图所示，共占用 4+4+4+1+4 = 17 个字节。

但是在编译器的具体实现中，各个成员之间可能会存在缝隙，对于 student1、student2，成员变量 group 和 score 之间就存在 3 个字节的空白填充（见下图）。这样算来，student1、student2 其实占用了 17 + 3 = 20 个字节。

一般形式

第一种： 只有结构体定义

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> stuff<span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> job<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">20</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">float</span> height<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> stuff Huqinwei <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#669900">"manager"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">30</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">185</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  <span style="color:#5c6370">//声明</span>
</code></span>

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<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">Huqinwei<span style="color:#999999">.</span>job<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span> <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">'M'</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
Huqinwei<span style="color:#999999">.</span>job<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">1</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span> <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">'a'</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
Huqinwei<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">27</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
Huqinwei<span style="color:#999999">.</span>height <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">185</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
</code></span>

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第二种： 附加变量初始化的结构体定义

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#5c6370">//直接带变量名Huqinwei  </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> stuff<span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> job<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">20</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">float</span> height<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>Huqinwei<span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#669900">"manager"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">30</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">185</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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其实这就相当于：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#5c6370">//直接带变量名Huqinwei  </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> stuff<span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> job<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">20</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">float</span> height<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> stuff Huqinwei<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
</code></span>

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第三种： 如果该结构体你只用一个变量Huqinwei，而不再需要用

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> stuff yourname<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
</code></span>

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成员的获取和赋值

获取结构体成员的一般格式为：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">结构体变量名<span style="color:#999999">.</span>成员名<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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通过这种方式可以获取成员的值也可以给成员赋值：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#98c379">#<span style="color:#c678dd">include</span><span style="color:#669900"><stdio.h></span></span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">main</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> student<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>name<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//姓名</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> num<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//学号</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//年龄</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> group<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//所在学习小组</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">float</span> score<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//成绩</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>stduent1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//给结构体成员赋值</span>
	student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>name <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">"Tom"</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>num <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">12</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">18</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>group <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">'A'</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>score <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">136.5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//读取结构体成员的值</span>
	<span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%s的学号是%d，年龄是%d，在%c组，今年的成绩是%.1f！\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>name<span style="color:#999999">,</span> student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>num<span style="color:#999999">,</span> student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age<span style="color:#999999">,</span> student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>group<span style="color:#999999">,</span> student1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>score<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">return</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>
运行结果为：
	Tom的学号是<span style="color:#98c379">12</span>，年龄是<span style="color:#98c379">18</span>，在A组，今年的成绩是<span style="color:#98c379">136.5</span>！
</code></span>

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除了可以对成员进行逐一赋值，也可以在定义时整体赋值，例如：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> student<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>name<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//姓名</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> num<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//学号</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//年龄</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> group<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//所在小组</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">float</span> score<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//成绩</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span> student1<span style="color:#999999">,</span> student2 <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span> <span style="color:#669900">"Tom"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#98c379">12</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#98c379">18</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">'A'</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#98c379">136.5</span> <span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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不过整体赋值仅限于定义结构体变量的时候，在使用过程中只能对成员逐一赋值。
需要注意的是，结构体是一种自定义的数据类型，是创建变量的模板，不占用内存空间；结构体变量才包含了实实在在的数据，需要内存空间来存储

指针和数组

结构体成员变量的访问除了可以借助符号"."，还可以用"->"访问。

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> stuff <span style="color:#669900">*</span>ref <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">&</span>Huqinwei<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
ref<span style="color:#669900">-</span><span style="color:#669900">></span>age <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">100</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"age is:%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>Huqinwei<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
</code></span>

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指针也是一样的

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> stuff <span style="color:#669900">*</span>ptr<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
ptr<span style="color:#669900">-</span><span style="color:#669900">></span>age <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">200</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"age is:%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>Huqinwei<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
</code></span>

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结构体也不能免俗，必须有数组

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> test<span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> a<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">3</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> b<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#5c6370">//对于数组和变量同时存在的情况，有如下定义方法：  </span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> test student<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">3</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span> <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#98c379">66</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">77</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">55</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>  
                                 <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#98c379">44</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">65</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">33</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>  
                                 <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#98c379">46</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">99</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">77</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#5c6370">//特别的，可以简化成：  </span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> test student<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">3</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span> <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#98c379">66</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">77</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">55</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>  
                                 <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#98c379">44</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">65</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">33</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>  
                                 <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#98c379">46</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">99</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">77</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
</code></span>

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数组成员赋值

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> 
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
    <span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> key<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">15</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  <span style="color:#5c6370">//结点的关键字</span>
    <span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> name<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">20</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>student <span style="color:#999999">;</span>    <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义结点类型，可定义为简单类型，也可定义为结构</span>

<span style="color:#61aeee">strcpy</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>student<span style="color:#999999">.</span>name<span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#669900">"sss"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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结构体嵌套

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#5c6370">//对于“一锤子买卖”，其中A、B可删，不过最好带着  </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> A<span style="color:#999999">{</span>   
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> B<span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
             <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> c<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#999999">}</span>  b<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span> a<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#5c6370">//使用如下方式访问：  </span>
a<span style="color:#999999">.</span>b<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">10</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>   
</code></span>

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特别的,可以一边定义结构体B，一边就使用上：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> A<span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> B<span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
                <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> c<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#999999">}</span>b<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> B sb<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>a<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
</code></span>

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使用方法与测试：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">        a<span style="color:#999999">.</span>b<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">11</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>a<span style="color:#999999">.</span>b<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        a<span style="color:#999999">.</span>b<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">22</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>a<span style="color:#999999">.</span>sb<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
		<span style="color:#5c6370">//结果无误。   </span>
</code></span>

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结构体与函数

关于传参，首先：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">void</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">func</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#c678dd">int</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#61aeee">func</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>a<span style="color:#999999">.</span>b<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
</code></span>

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把结构体中的int成员变量当做和普通int变量一样的东西来使用，是不用脑子就想到的一种方法。
另外两种就是传递副本和指针了 ：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#5c6370">//struct A定义同上  </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//设立了两个函数，分别传递struct A结构体和其指针。  </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">void</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">func1</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> A a<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
        <span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>a<span style="color:#999999">.</span>b<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>  
<span style="color:#c678dd">void</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">func2</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> A<span style="color:#669900">*</span> a<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
        <span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span>a<span style="color:#669900">-</span><span style="color:#669900">></span>b<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>  
<span style="color:#61aeee">main</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span>  
        a<span style="color:#999999">.</span>b<span style="color:#999999">.</span>c <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">112</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> A <span style="color:#669900">*</span> pa<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        pa <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">&</span>a<span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#61aeee">func1</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>a<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#61aeee">func2</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">&</span>a<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
        <span style="color:#61aeee">func2</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>pa<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>  
</code></span>

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结构体typedef struct详解

typedef为C语言的关键字，作用是为一种数据类型定义一个新名字。这里的数据类型包括内部数据类型（int,char等）和 自定义的数据类型（struct等）。

在编程中使用typedef目的一般有两个，一个是给变量一个易记且意义明确的新名字，另一个是简化一些比较复杂的类型声明。

1、typedef的最简单使用

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">long</span> byte_4<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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作用：给已知数据类型long起个新名字，叫byte_4。
2、typedef与结构结合使用

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> tagMyStruct
<span style="color:#999999">{</span> 
　<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> iNum<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
　<span style="color:#c678dd">long</span> lLength<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span> MyStruct<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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这语句实际上完成两个操作：
1) 定义一个新的结构类型

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> tagMyStruct
<span style="color:#999999">{</span> 
　<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> iNum<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
　<span style="color:#c678dd">long</span> lLength<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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分析：tagMyStruct称为“tag”，即“标签”，实际上是一个临时名字，struct 关键字和tagMyStruct一起，构成了这个结构类型，不论是否有typedef，这个结构都存在。
2) typedef为这个新的结构起了一个名字，叫MyStruct。

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> tagMyStruct MyStruct<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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一般形式

形式一

我们使用：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> student<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> s<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span> Stu
</code></span>

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在定义结构体变量的时候，可以使用

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">Stu student1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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也可以省略掉student:

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> s<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span> Stu
</code></span>

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在定义结构体变量的时候，依然可以使用

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">Stu student1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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形式二

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">　<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span>  
　　　<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
　　　　<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> num<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
　　　　<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
　　　<span style="color:#999999">}</span>stu1<span style="color:#999999">,</span>stu2<span style="color:#999999">,</span>stu3<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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相当于

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">　<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span>  
　　　<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
　　　　<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> num<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
　　　　<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
　　　<span style="color:#999999">}</span>stu1；
　<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> stu1 stu2<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
　<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> stu1 stu3<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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typedef struct的用法实践

第一种情况中，Victor 将来可以作为一个变量类型来使用 ，就像 int一样去定义变量，vicptr则是指向Victor类的指针类型，在第二种情况中，我们并不能直接使用 Vic 来定义变量，但是在用stu定义的变量，最终的类型却是Vic。第三种情况中，victor3 是个指针类型的变量，指针必须要给定指向的变量，如victor1，否则程序就会报错，通过修改指针victor3，我们成功修改了victor1的值。

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#5c6370">/* 1 */</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
    <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> weight<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>Victor<span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>vicptr<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">/* 2 */</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> Vic <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
    <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> weight<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>stu<span style="color:#999999">;</span>

<span style="color:#c678dd">void</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">main</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span>
    Victor victor1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    victor1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">22</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    victor1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>weight <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">69</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    stu victor2<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    victor2<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">24</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    victor2<span style="color:#999999">.</span>weight <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">70</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>

    vicptr victor3<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    victor3 <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">&</span>victor1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    victor3<span style="color:#669900">-</span><span style="color:#669900">></span>age <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">25</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    victor3<span style="color:#669900">-</span><span style="color:#669900">></span>weight <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">71</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>
</code></span>

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运行结果如下：

用途1

定义一种类型的别名，而不只是简单的宏替换。可以用作同时声明指针型的多个对象。
比如：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">char</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span> pa<span style="color:#999999">,</span> pb<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">// 这多数不符合我们的意图，它只声明了一个指向字符变量的指针和一个字符变量；</span>
</code></span>

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以下则可行：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">char</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span> PCHAR<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">// 一般用大写</span>
PCHAR pa<span style="color:#999999">,</span> pb<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">// 可行，同时声明了两个指向字符变量的指针</span>
</code></span>

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虽然：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>pa<span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>pb<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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也可行，但相对来说没有用typedef的形式直观，尤其在需要大量指针的地方，typedef的方式更省事。

用途2

以前的代码中，声明struct新对象时，必须要带上struct，即形式为：*struct 结构名 对象名 ，如：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> tagPOINT1
	<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
		<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> x<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
		<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> y<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> tagPOINT1 p1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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而在C++中，则可以直接写：结构名 对象名，即：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">tagPOINT1 p1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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经常多写一个struct太麻烦了，于是就发明了：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> tagPOINT
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> x<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> y<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>POINT<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">POINT p1<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">// 这样就比原来的方式少写了一个struct，比较省事，尤其在大量使用的时候</span>
</code></span>

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定义结构体数组类型

规范

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> arrs<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> arrs <span style="color:#669900">*</span> p_arr5<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> p_arr5 arrp10<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">10</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    arr5 togs<span style="color:#999999">;</span>       <span style="color:#5c6370">// togs是具有5个元素的int数组</span>
    p_arr5 p2<span style="color:#999999">;</span>      <span style="color:#5c6370">// p2是一个指针，指向具有元素的数组</span>
    arrp10  ap<span style="color:#999999">;</span>    <span style="color:#5c6370">// ap是具有十个元素的指针数组，每个指针指向具有5个元素的int数组</span>
</code></span>

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例子

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> VertexNode
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> data<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> weitht<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> EdgeNode <span style="color:#669900">*</span> firstEdge<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>VertexNode<span style="color:#999999">,</span>AdjList<span style="color:#999999">[</span>MAX_VERTEX<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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这里AdjList就是结构体数组类型

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp">AdjList adjlist<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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等价于

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> VertexNode adjlist<span style="color:#999999">[</span>MAX_VERTEX<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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同样情况

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> arr<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
arr a<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//就定义了一个有5个int型变量的数组a。</span>
</code></span>

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定义结构体指针

规范

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span>  <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> ANSWER_HEADER
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	u8 u8Type<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	u8 u8Code<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	u32 u32TimeStamp<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> ANSWER_HEADER <span style="color:#669900">*</span>pNext<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>ANSWER_HEADER_T<span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>PANSWER_HEADER_T<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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ANSWER_HEADER为结构名，这个名字主要是为了在结构体中包含自己为成员变量的时候有用
ANSWER_HEADER_T为struct ANSWER_HEADER的别名
PANSWER_HEADER_T为struct ANSWER_HEADER*的别名
上面的定义方式等价于：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> ANSWER_HEADER
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
	u8 u8Type<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	u8 u8Code<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	u32 u32TimeStamp<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> ANSWER_HEADER <span style="color:#669900">*</span>pNext<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span>  <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> ANSWER_HEADER ANSWER_HEADER_T<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span>  <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> ANSWER_HEADER <span style="color:#669900">*</span>PANSWER_HEADER_T<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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定义实现

定义一个名为TreeNode的结构体，和指向该结构体类型的指针PtrToTreeNode （不使用typedef） ：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> Element<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode<span style="color:#669900">*</span> LeftChild<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode<span style="color:#669900">*</span> RightChild<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode <span style="color:#669900">*</span>PtrToTreeNode； <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义指针</span>
</code></span>

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使用typedef关键字用一个单词Node代替struct TreeNode，并定于指向该结构体类型的指针PtrToTreeNode：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> Element<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode<span style="color:#669900">*</span> LeftChild<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode<span style="color:#669900">*</span> RightChild<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode Node<span style="color:#999999">;</span>   <span style="color:#5c6370">//用Node代替struct TreeNode</span>
Node <span style="color:#669900">*</span>PtrToTreeNode<span style="color:#999999">;</span>            <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义指针</span>
</code></span>

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将结构体的定义和typedef连在一起写，再次缩短代码：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> Element<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode<span style="color:#669900">*</span> LeftChild<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode<span style="color:#669900">*</span> RightChild<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>Node<span style="color:#999999">;</span>                          <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义结构体并用Node代替struct TreeNode</span>
Node <span style="color:#669900">*</span>PtrToTreeNode<span style="color:#999999">;</span>            <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义指针</span>
</code></span>

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还可以继续缩短代码，直接定义了指向结构体类型的指针，但是这种写法没有为结构体起一个别名。

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"> <span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode
<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> Element<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode<span style="color:#669900">*</span> LeftChild<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
        <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> TreeNode<span style="color:#669900">*</span> RightChild<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>PtrToTreeNode<span style="color:#999999">;</span>               <span style="color:#5c6370">//直接定义指针</span>
</code></span>

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在c和c++中struct和typedef struct的区别

区别一

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> _x1 <span style="color:#999999">{</span> <span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span>x1<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
<span style="color:#5c6370">//定义了类_x1和_x1的对象实例x1</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> _x2<span style="color:#999999">{</span> <span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span> x2<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
<span style="color:#5c6370">//定义了类_x2和_x2的类别名x2</span>
</code></span>

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区别二

<span style="color:#000000"><code>	typedef struct {
			int data;
			int text;
	} S1;	//这种方法可以在c或者c++中定义一个S1结构
	
	struct S2 {
			int data;
			int text;
	};		// 这种定义方式只能在C++中使用，而如果用在C中，那么编译器会报错
	
	struct {
			int data;
			int text;
	} S3;	//这种方法并没有定义一个结构，而是定义了一个s3的结构变量，编译器会为S3内存。
	
	void main()
	{
			S1 mine1;// OK ,S1 是一个类型
			S2 mine2;// OK,S2 是一个类型
			S3 mine3;// ERROR,S3 不是一个类型
			S1.data = 5;// ERROR,S1 是一个类型
			S2.data = 5;// ERROR,S2 是一个类型
			S3.data = 5;// OK,S3是一个变量
	}
	//另外，对与在结构中定义结构本身的变量也有几种写法
	struct S6 {
			S6* ptr;
	};
	// 这种写法只能在C++中使用
typedef struct {
			S7* ptr;
	} S7;
	// 这是一种在C和C++中都是错误的定义
</code></span>

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简单理解：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> Student
	<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
		<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> a<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#999999">}</span>stu1<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//stu1是一个变量</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> Student2
	<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
		<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> a<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
	<span style="color:#999999">}</span>stu2<span style="color:#999999">;</span><span style="color:#5c6370">//stu2是一个结构体类型</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//使用时可以直接访问stu1.a</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//但是stu2则必须先 stu2 s2;</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//然后 s2.a=10;</span>
</code></span>

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区别三

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> tagMyStruct
　　　　<span style="color:#999999">{</span> 
　　　　　<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> iNum<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
　　　　　<span style="color:#c678dd">long</span> lLength<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
　　　　<span style="color:#999999">}</span> MyStruct<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span>

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在C中，这个申明后申请结构变量的方法有两种：
　　　　（1）struct tagMyStruct 变量名
　　　　（2）MyStruct 变量名
　在c++中可以有
　　　　（1）struct tagMyStruct 变量名
　　　　（2）MyStruct 变量名
　　　　（3）tagMyStruct 变量名

综合实例

Test1

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#98c379">#<span style="color:#c678dd">include</span> <span style="color:#669900"><iostream></span> </span>

<span style="color:#c678dd">using</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">namespace</span> std<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 

<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> _point<span style="color:#999999">{</span> 
   		<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> x<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
   		<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> y<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>point<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义类，给类一个别名 </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> _hello<span style="color:#999999">{</span> 
   		<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> x<span style="color:#999999">,</span>y<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
<span style="color:#999999">}</span> hello<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//同时定义类和对象 </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">main</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#999999">{</span> 
   point pt1<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
   pt1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">2</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
   pt1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
   cout<span style="color:#669900"><<</span> <span style="color:#669900">"ptpt1.x="</span> <span style="color:#669900"><<</span> pt1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>x <span style="color:#669900"><<</span> <span style="color:#669900">"pt.y="</span> <span style="color:#669900"><<</span>pt1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>y <span style="color:#669900"><<</span>endl<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//hello pt2; </span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//pt2.x = 8; </span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//pt2.y =10; </span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//cout<<"pt2pt2.x="<< pt2.x <<"pt2.y="<<pt2.y <<endl; </span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//上面的hello pt2;这一行编译将不能通过. 为什么? </span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//因为hello是被定义了的对象实例了. </span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//正确做法如下: 用hello.x和hello.y </span>
   hello<span style="color:#999999">.</span>x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">8</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
   hello<span style="color:#999999">.</span>y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">10</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
   cout<span style="color:#669900"><<</span> <span style="color:#669900">"hellohello.x="</span> <span style="color:#669900"><<</span> hello<span style="color:#999999">.</span>x <span style="color:#669900"><<</span> <span style="color:#669900">"hello.y="</span> <span style="color:#669900"><<</span>hello<span style="color:#999999">.</span>y <span style="color:#669900"><<</span>endl<span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
   <span style="color:#c678dd">return</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> 
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>
</code></span>

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Test2

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#5c6370">//以下student是标识符（标识符是用户编程时使用的名字，对于变量、常量、函数、语句块也有名</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//字；），stu则为变量类型（类比int和char等）,pstu相当于（int*）。</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> student<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
   string name<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>stu<span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span>pstu<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//C++中,ss为结构体类型</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> ss<span style="color:#999999">{</span>
   string name<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> age<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">main</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//变量类型==struct+标识符</span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//使用变量类型+结构变量名</span>
   stu xiaoming<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//或者使用stuct+标识符+结构变量名</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> student zhangsan<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#5c6370">//c++ struct+结构变量名</span>
   ss lisi<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   xiaoming<span style="color:#999999">.</span>name<span style="color:#669900">=</span><span style="color:#669900">"xiaoming"</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   xiaoming<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age<span style="color:#669900">=</span><span style="color:#98c379">18</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   zhangsan<span style="color:#999999">.</span>name<span style="color:#669900">=</span><span style="color:#669900">"zhangsan"</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   zhangsan<span style="color:#999999">.</span>age<span style="color:#669900">=</span><span style="color:#98c379">17</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   lisi<span style="color:#999999">.</span>name<span style="color:#669900">=</span><span style="color:#669900">"lisi"</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>
</code></span>

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Test3 typedef与数组类型、数组指针

typedef int num[5]; //定义数组类型
typedef char *num1[5]; //定义指针数组类型
typedef int(*num2)[5]; //定义指向多维数组的指针类型

int (*num3)[5]; //定义指向多维数组的指针变量
测试程序：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#98c379">#<span style="color:#c678dd">include</span> <span style="color:#669900"><stdio.h></span></span>
<span style="color:#98c379">#<span style="color:#c678dd">include</span> <span style="color:#669900"><stdlib.h></span></span>

<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> num<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义数组类型</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">char</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span>num1<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义指针数组类型</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span>num2<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义指向多维数组的指针类型</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span>num3<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义指向多维数组的指针变量</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">main</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> i<span style="color:#999999">,</span> j<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   num a<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//等价于 int a[5];</span>
   num <span style="color:#669900">*</span>b <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">NULL</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   b <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">&</span>a<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">for</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>i <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i <span style="color:#669900"><</span> <span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i<span style="color:#669900">++</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
   	<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span>b<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">[</span>i<span style="color:#999999">]</span> <span style="color:#669900">=</span> i<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">for</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>i <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i <span style="color:#669900"><</span> <span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i<span style="color:#669900">++</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
   	<span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span>b<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">[</span>i<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>    <span style="color:#5c6370">//这一段完成了对num 以及num *的测试</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> c<span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">[</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span> <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#98c379">1</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">2</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">3</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">4</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#999999">{</span><span style="color:#98c379">6</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">7</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">8</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">9</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">10</span><span style="color:#999999">}</span> <span style="color:#999999">}</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   num2 d<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   d <span style="color:#669900">=</span> c<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">for</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>i <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i <span style="color:#669900"><</span> <span style="color:#98c379">2</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i<span style="color:#669900">++</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
   	<span style="color:#c678dd">for</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>j <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>j <span style="color:#669900"><</span> <span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>j<span style="color:#669900">++</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
   		<span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> c<span style="color:#999999">[</span>i<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">[</span>j<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   num3 <span style="color:#669900">=</span> c<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">for</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>i <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i <span style="color:#669900"><</span> <span style="color:#98c379">2</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i<span style="color:#669900">++</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
   	<span style="color:#c678dd">for</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>j <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>j <span style="color:#669900"><</span> <span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>j<span style="color:#669900">++</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
   		<span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%d\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> num3<span style="color:#999999">[</span>i<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">[</span>j<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//这一段完成了num2   num3的测试</span>
   num1 e<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">for</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>i <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i <span style="color:#669900"><</span> <span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i<span style="color:#669900">++</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
   	e<span style="color:#999999">[</span>i<span style="color:#999999">]</span> <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> <span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#61aeee">malloc</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#c678dd">sizeof</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#c678dd">char</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#98c379">10</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   	<span style="color:#61aeee">strcpy</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>e<span style="color:#999999">[</span>i<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> <span style="color:#669900">"hello"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#999999">}</span>
   <span style="color:#c678dd">for</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>i <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i <span style="color:#669900"><</span> <span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>i<span style="color:#669900">++</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
   	<span style="color:#61aeee">printf</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"%s\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span> e<span style="color:#999999">[</span>i<span style="color:#999999">]</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  <span style="color:#5c6370">//这一段完成了 num1的测试</span>
   <span style="color:#61aeee">system</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"pause"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>
说明：
   a是一个整型数组名，数组含有<span style="color:#98c379">5</span>个元素，b是num <span style="color:#669900">*</span> 类型，只能指向num类型（也就是函数<span style="color:#98c379">5</span>个整型元素的数组）
   c是一个指针数组，每个元素是一个指针
   d是一个指向二维数组的指针变量，二维数组的列数是<span style="color:#98c379">5</span>
</code></span>

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Test4 结构体指针（二层指针）

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-cpp"><span style="color:#98c379">#<span style="color:#c678dd">include</span> <span style="color:#669900"><iostream></span></span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">using</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">namespace</span> std<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">typedef</span> <span style="color:#c678dd">struct</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
      <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> x<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
      <span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> y<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#999999">}</span>point<span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span>_point<span style="color:#999999">;</span> <span style="color:#5c6370">//定义类，给类一个别名</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370">//验证 typedef point * _point;</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">int</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">main</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
  <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
     _point <span style="color:#669900">*</span>hp<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     point pt1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     pt1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">2</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     pt1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     _point p<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     p <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">&</span>pt1<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     hp <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">&</span>p<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     cout<span style="color:#669900"><<</span>  pt1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>x<span style="color:#669900"><<</span><span style="color:#669900">" "</span><span style="color:#669900"><<</span>pt1<span style="color:#999999">.</span>y <span style="color:#669900"><<</span>endl<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     cout<span style="color:#669900"><<</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span>hp<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>x <span style="color:#669900"><<</span><span style="color:#669900">" "</span><span style="color:#669900"><<</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span>hp<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>y <span style="color:#669900"><<</span>endl<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
     <span style="color:#c678dd">return</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
   <span style="color:#999999">}</span>
      
      <span style="color:#5c6370">//运行结果：2	5</span>
      <span style="color:#5c6370">//		2	5</span>
</code></span>

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参考链接

https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37973607/article/details/78900184.
https://blog.csdn.net/zhanghow/article/details/53463825.
https://blog.csdn.net/u013273161/article/details/83793122.
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41127779/article/details/82023671.
https://blog.csdn.net/mpp_king/article/details/70229150.
https://blog.csdn.net/haiou0/article/details/6877718.
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37962204/article/details/78240757.
https://blog.csdn.net/wzz110011/article/details/78883838.
https://blog.csdn.net/zyh821351004/article/details/47961967.
https://blog.csdn.net/u013632190/article/details/47720703.