iOS 线程的基本介绍

一个应用至少要有一个或多个进程,进程活跃状态说明当前软件正在运行
一个进程在手机里一般就代表一个应用
一个进程要执行很多线程(任务),一个线程一般就代表一个任务或多个任务

• NSThread: 轻量级的多线程
  缺点: 需要我们手动管理线程的生命周期,线程锁,数据同步等事情,而线程锁会对系统有一定的开销

• NSOperation: 特点是不需要我们操心线程管理和数据同步等事情.执行效率不是特别高

• GCD:(grand,central,dispatch)特点:非常强大的多线程,充分利用系统的多核,底层是C语言,使用起来非常方便,非常高效,是苹果在iOS4时推出来的,目前到ios9了,非常成熟,是用来替代前两个多线程的

  NSThread

- (IBAction)threadBtn:(UIButton *)sender {

    //创建一个多线程(方式1)
    //NSThread *theard = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(cycle) object:nil];
    //开始执行线程任务
    [theard start];

    //开辟子线程方式2
    [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(cycle) toTarget:self withObject:nil];

}

- (void)cycle{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        NSLog(@"====== %d", i);
    }
    NSLog(@"是否为主线程 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    //回到主线程
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(goBackToMain) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES];
}

- (void)goBackToMain{
    NSLog(@" goBackToMain 是否为主线程 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
}

NSOperation

- (IBAction)operationBtn:(UIButton *)sender {

//    NSOperation  是一个抽象类,我们通常用它的两个子类来创建线程
    //第一个子类创建线程
    NSInvocationOperation *operation1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(cycle) object:nil];
    NSInvocationOperation *operation2 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(cycleTwo) object:nil];
    //第二个子类
    NSBlockOperation *blockOper = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            NSLog(@"blockOper ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ %d", i);
        }
    }];

    //线程队列
//    NSOperationQueue 队列主要是用来执行任务的,会将系统闲置的队列拿来使用,节省系统资源
    //队列一般分为串行队列和并行队列
    //串行队列特点:一个一个执行任务,第一个执行完在执行第二个
    //并行队列:多个任务一起执行,谁先执行完不一定
    //注意:串行队列可以在主线程上完成,也可以在子线程上进行
    //但并行队列只能在子线程上进行

    //创建队列,默认是子线程队列
    //前者任务等待后者执行完才执行(实现串行)
    NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
    //设置最大并发(同时)执行的任务数量
    [queue setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:1];

    //设置队列任务依赖关系
    [blockOper addDependency:operation1];


    //添加任务到队列中
    [queue addOperation:operation1];
    [queue addOperation:operation2];
    [queue addOperation:blockOper];

    NSBlockOperation *block2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        NSLog(@"block2是否在主线程 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    }];

    //回到主线程
    [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperation:block2];
    //此时blockOper任务是在主线程上执行

}
- (void)cycle{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        NSLog(@"====== %d", i);
    }
    NSLog(@"是否为主线程 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    //回到主线程
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(goBackToMain) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES];
}
- (void)cycleTwo{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        NSLog(@" >>>>>>>>>>>>> %d", i + 2000);
    }

}

GCD

- (IBAction)GCDBtn:(UIButton *)sender {

    //GCD分串行和并行
    //串行队列
    //调用系统主线程实现串行队列
    /*
    //mainQueue是主线程队列
    dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
    //执行任务
    //参数1:设置队列
    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{

        NSLog(@"是否在主线程1 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);//这是在主线程执行的

    });
    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{

        NSLog(@"是否在主线程2 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);

    });

    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{

        NSLog(@"是否在主线程3 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);

    });
     */

    //自定义串行队列
    //参数1:队列标识符
    //参数2:设置队列类型
    /*
    dispatch_queue_t serialQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.lanou3g.GCD.serial", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    //执行队列任务
    dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程1 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);//这是在子线程执行的
    });
    dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程2 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程3 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程4 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程5 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程6 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
     */

    //系统并行队列
    //获得全局队列
    //参数1:设置队列优先级别
    //参数2:系统预留参数设置为0
    /*
    dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程1 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程2 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程3 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程4 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程5 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程6 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"是否在主线程7 = %d", [NSThread isMainThread]);
    });
    */

    //在并行线程里下载图片
//    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
//    });
    /*
    dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
        NSURL *url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"http://img3.douban.com/view/site/small/public/6510ea4ea1cc8e6.jpg"];
        NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
        //回到主线程
        dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
        dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
            //刷新页面
            self.myImageView.image = image;

        });
    });
     */

    //设置多少秒后执行
    dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        NSLog(@"打水吧");
    });

    //block里的代码只执行一次(用这个创建单例)
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        NSLog(@"我只走一次");
    });

}