Oracle如何重建控制文件？

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-12 18:08:57 发布

shanshan3003

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-12 18:08:57 发布

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Oracle如何重建控制文件？

先说操作

1、在后台登录sqlplus:sqlplus / as sysdba

2、登录数据库之后，如果至少是mount模式（SQL> startup mount;）

3、备份当前控制文件

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/control_rebuild.trc'

control_rebuild.ora格式如下：

-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="ORCL"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=2
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE

--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 58400
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 (
    '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m057_.log',
    '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m0hg_.log',
    '/data02/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m0yd_.log'
  ) SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 4 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/REDO04_1.LOG'  SIZE 100M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_b5ftpwp4_.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0103.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_b5ftq3ss_.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_b5ftq7vp_.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0102.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0202.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0301.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0302.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0102.dbf ',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0102.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0202.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/parm_data_ts0301.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/parm_data_ts0302.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/parm_ind_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_ind_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_undo1.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/product/10.2/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2020_06_11/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE

-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_b5ftq51c_.tmp' REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 58400
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 (
    '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m057_.log',
    '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m0hg_.log',
    '/data02/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m0yd_.log'
  ) SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 4 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/REDO04_1.LOG'  SIZE 100M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_b5ftpwp4_.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0103.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_b5ftq3ss_.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_b5ftq7vp_.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0102.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0202.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0301.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0302.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0102.dbf ',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0102.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0202.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/parm_data_ts0301.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/parm_data_ts0302.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/parm_ind_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_ind_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_undo1.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/product/10.2/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2020_06_11/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_b5ftq51c_.tmp' REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--

4、根据备份的控制文件，重建控制文件；

例如创建一个文件rebuild.sql,这里注意有两个场景，sql文件略有差异，对于NORESETLOGS，采用如下方式：

SET ECHO ON;
SHUTDOWN ABORT;
STARTUP NOMOUNT;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 58400
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 (
    '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m057_.log',
    '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m0hg_.log',
    '/data02/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m0yd_.log'
  ) SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 4 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/REDO04_1.LOG'  SIZE 100M
DATAFILE
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_b5ftpwp4_.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0103.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_b5ftq3ss_.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_b5ftq7vp_.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0102.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0202.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0301.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0302.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0102.dbf ',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0102.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0202.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/parm_data_ts0301.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/parm_data_ts0302.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/parm_ind_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_ind_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_undo1.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

RECOVER DATABASE;

ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_b5ftq51c_.tmp' REUSE;

对于RESETLOGS，内容如下

SET ECHO ON
SHUTDOWN ABORT;
STARTUP NOMOUNT;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 58400
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 (
    '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m057_.log',
    '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m0hg_.log',
    '/data02/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_hx17m0yd_.log'
  ) SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 4 '/data01/ORCL/ORCL/onlinelog/REDO04_1.LOG'  SIZE 100M
DATAFILE
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_b5ftpwp4_.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0103.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_b5ftq3ss_.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_b5ftq7vp_.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0102.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0202.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0301.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_data_ts0302.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_ind_ts0102.dbf ',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0102.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_data_ts0202.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/parm_data_ts0301.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/parm_data_ts0302.dbf',
  '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/parm_ind_ts0101.dbf',
  '/data01/ORCL/parm_ind_ts0201.dbf',
  '/data02/ORCL/orcl_undo1.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE;

ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_b5ftq51c_.tmp' REUSE;

在sqlplus命令行下执行>@rebuild.sql，即可。

再说原理

oracle启动的时候，使用spfileSID.ora文件去启动数据库，该文件中记录了控制文件和其他文件的位置，供oracle去加载，然而由于加载的控制文件是二进制的，不能直接编辑修改，因此对于想重建控制文件的只能通过上述方式进行操作。

通过如下命令查看控制文件的位置：

SQL>show parameters control_files;

使用场景和其他注意事项

本博客编写是由于处理了一个问题：current 状态的redo日志被误删除了，需要恢复数据库启动。

注意事项：

1、根据生成的trc文件，编写rebuild.sql时，需要注意这个前面不要有空行，否则会报错；

2、设置字符集的话，这里不要加逗号

3、对于缺少REDO04_1.LOG这个文件的情况，创建的时候，也要带上REDO04_1.LOG这个，不然会创建失败，这个操作会重新创建出来REDO04_1.LOG。

鸣谢

感谢博客园三羊的博客，为本文的编写提供了参考：

https://www.cnblogs.com/j-notes/p/6527165.html

shanshan3003

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Oracle如何重建控制文件？

Oracle如何重建控制文件？先说操作1、在后台登录sqlplus:sqlplus / as sysdba2、登录数据库之后，如果至少是mount模式（SQL> startup mount;）3、备份当前控制文件SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/control_rebuild.trc'control_rebuild.ora格式如下：-- The following a.
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