C++单例模式

    C++中的单例模式一般分两种，一是饿汉单例模式，二是懒汉单例模式。其中懒汉单例模式本身保证线程安全，而饿汉单例模式需要加锁才能保证线程安全。并且，饿汉单例模式加锁后可以通过判断两次来提高性能，从而演化成双检测单例模式。下面用代码表达：

一、饿汉单例模式

Singleton_Eager.h

#pragma once

namespace Singleton_Eager
{
	// 饿汉单例模式（保证线程安全）
	class Singleton
	{
	private:
		Singleton(void);
		~Singleton(void);

	public:
		static Singleton* GetInstance();

	private:
		Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&);

		static Singleton*		m_Instance;
	};
}

Singleton_Eager.cpp

#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "Singleton_Eager.h"

using namespace Singleton_Eager;

Singleton* Singleton::m_Instance = new Singleton();

Singleton::Singleton(void)
{
}

Singleton::~Singleton(void)
{
}

Singleton* Singleton_Eager::Singleton::GetInstance()
{
	return m_Instance;
}

二、懒汉单例模式

Singleton_Lazy.h

#pragma once

namespace Singleton_Laze
{
	// 懒汉单例模式（不保证线程安全，可以加锁）
	class Singleton
	{
	private:
		Singleton(void);
		~Singleton(void);

	public:
		static Singleton* GetInstance();

	private:
		Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&);  

		static Singleton*		m_Instance;  
	};
}

Singleton_Lazy.cpp

#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "Singleton_Lazy.h"

using namespace Singleton_Laze;


Singleton*		Singleton::m_Instance = NULL;


Singleton::Singleton(void)
{
}

Singleton::~Singleton(void)
{
	if (m_Instance != NULL)
	{
		delete m_Instance;
		m_Instance = NULL;
	}
}

Singleton* Singleton::GetInstance()
{
	if (m_Instance == NULL)
	{
		m_Instance = new Singleton();
	}

	return m_Instance;
}

三、双检测单例模式

Singleton_Double.h

#pragma once
#include <Windows.h>

namespace Singleton_Doule
{
	// 双检测单例模式，由饿汉单例模式演化而来
	class Singleton
	{
	private:
		Singleton(void);
		~Singleton(void);

	public:
		static Singleton* GetInstance();

	private:
		Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&);

		static Singleton*			m_Instance;
		static CRITICAL_SECTION 	m_cs;
	};
}

Singleton_Double.cpp

#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "Singleton_Double.h"

using namespace Singleton_Doule;

Singleton*			Singleton::m_Instance = NULL;  
CRITICAL_SECTION	Singleton::m_cs;

Singleton::Singleton(void)
{
}

Singleton::~Singleton(void)
{
}

Singleton* Singleton::GetInstance()
{
	// 双检测保证
	if (m_Instance == NULL)
	{
		InitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);
		EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs);		//进入临界区
		
		if (m_Instance == NULL)
		{
			m_Instance = new Singleton();
		}

		LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs);		//离开临界区
		DeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs);
	}

	return m_Instance;
}

四、测试代码

SingletonTest.cpp

#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "Singleton_Double.h"

using namespace Singleton_Doule;

Singleton*			Singleton::m_Instance = NULL;  
CRITICAL_SECTION	Singleton::m_cs;

Singleton::Singleton(void)
{
}

Singleton::~Singleton(void)
{
}

Singleton* Singleton::GetInstance()
{
	// 双检测保证
	if (m_Instance == NULL)
	{
		InitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);
		EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs);		//进入临界区
		
		if (m_Instance == NULL)
		{
			m_Instance = new Singleton();
		}

		LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs);		//离开临界区
		DeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs);
	}

	return m_Instance;
}

五、后续

    另外送你一个牛逼的用模板实现的单例模式：

Singleton.hpp

//
// Singleton模板
// 参考 boost 1-36-0/pool/detail/singleton.hpp
// 说明 http://www.yulefox.com/index.php/20081119/design-patterns-03.html/
//

#ifndef _SINGLETON_H_
#define _SINGLETON_H_

template <typename T> 
struct singleton_default
{ 
public: 
    typedef T object_type; 
    static object_type& instance() 
    { 
        static object_type obj; 
        create_object.do_nothing();
        return obj; 
    } 

private: 
    struct object_creator 
    { 
        object_creator() { singleton_default<T>::instance(); }
        inline void do_nothing() const {} 
    }; 
    static object_creator create_object; 
    singleton_default(); 
}; 

template <typename T> 
typename singleton_default<T>::object_creator 
singleton_default<T>::create_object;

#define INSTANCE(class_name) singleton_default<class_name>::instance()

#endif // _SINGLETON_H_

使用示例：

INSTANCE(类名).方法();

六、参考文献

https://blog.csdn.net/woxiaohahaa/article/details/51344409

七、源码链接

https://download.csdn.net/download/shaoyiju/10336093