CT图像重建简要介绍

0 说明

本文是个人学习CT重建的简要笔记。主要是医学图像重建的简单入门知识。

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1 CT重建

CT图像是以不同的灰度来表示，反映器官和组织对X线的吸收程度。黑影表示低吸收区，即低密度区，如含气体多的肺部；白影表示高吸收区，即高密度区，如骨骼。但是CT 和X线图像相比，CT的密度分辨力高，即有高的密度分辨力（density resolution）。因此，人体软组织的密度差别虽小。吸收系数虽多接近于水，也能形成对比而成像。解剖成像。

Computer Tomography basically involves two distinct phases, the measurements of the projection data and the reconstruction of that data. each projection is a one-dimensional vector, and if you put all of the projection next to each other you can see all the projection data in one single image, this is called the Sinogram. so Computer Tomography handles data from two different domains. On one side is the volume domain which houses the scanned object and the reconstruction of volumes this is the spatial domain typically with a cartesian coordinate system. On the other side the projection domain houses as its name implies projection data, its data is typically defined on a coordinate system with projection direction on one axis and detector position on the others. The transition from the volume domain into the projection domain is called a forward projection, and form the projection domain to the volume domain is called back projection.

这部分的物理原理，将会在随后的文章里介绍。

2 Radon 变换

在理解重建之前，我们必须先知道正向投影的概念，这个过程就是我们获得投影数据的过程，即是我们在detector上收集到的数据。断层成像的基本原理就是设想有一个探测器绕着坐标轴的原点旋转，从不同的投影角度得到投影数据，这个过程也可以理解为线积分即是我们这里要说的Radon 变换。我们可以通过Radon 变换来模拟得到投影数据的过程。当然这里得到的数据只是模拟数据，