Java web（三）：Http、Tomcat、Servlet

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一、Java web技术栈

二、Http

1.1 Http请求数据格式

1.2 Http响应数据格式

1.3 状态码

二、Tomcat

2.1 介绍

官网：https://tomcat.apache.org/

2.2 web项目结构

2.3 IDEA中使用Tomcat

方式一：

方式二：

三、Servlet

3.1 Servlet使用

3.2 Servlet生命周期

3.3 Servlet方法和体系结构

3.4 urlPattern配置

四、Request

request接受来自浏览器的请求数据

4.1 获取请求数据

package com.bhy.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * request 获取请求数据
 */
@WebServlet("/req1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // String getMethod()：获取请求方式： GET
        String method = req.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);//GET
        // String getContextPath()：获取虚拟目录(项目访问路径)：/request-demo
        String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        // StringBuffer getRequestURL(): 获取URL(统一资源定位符)：http://localhost:8080/request-demo/req1
        StringBuffer url = req.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(url.toString());
        // String getRequestURI()：获取URI(统一资源标识符)： /request-demo/req1
        String uri = req.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(uri);
        // String getQueryString()：获取请求参数（GET方式）： username=zhangsan
        String queryString = req.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);


        //------------
        // 获取请求头：user-agent: 浏览器的版本信息
        String agent = req.getHeader("user-agent");
        System.out.println(agent);


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取post 请求体：请求参数

        //1. 获取字符输入流
        BufferedReader br = req.getReader();
        //2. 读取数据
        String line = br.readLine();
        System.out.println(line);


    }
}

4.2 通用方式获取请求参数

package com.bhy.web.request;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * request 通用方式获取请求参数
 */
@WebServlet("/req2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 获取所有参数的Map集合
        Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
        for (String key : map.keySet()) {
            // username:zhangsan lisi
            System.out.print(key+":");

            //获取值
            String[] values = map.get(key);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.print(value + " ");
            }

            System.out.println();
        }

        System.out.println("------------");

        //2. 根据key获取参数值，数组
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby : hobbies) {

            System.out.println(hobby);
        }

        //3. 根据key 获取单个参数值
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //POST请求逻辑
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

4.3 请求参数中文乱码问题

package com.bhy.web.request;


import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * 中文乱码问题解决方案
 */
@WebServlet("/req4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 解决乱码：
        // 1.POST方式，getReader()
        // 解决方法：request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置字符输入流的编码

        //3. GET方式,获取参数的方式：getQueryString
        // 乱码原因：tomcat进行URL解码，默认的字符集ISO-8859-1

        //获取username
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("解决乱码前："+username);
        /*
        //3.1 先对乱码数据进行编码：转为字节数组
        byte[] bytes = username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
        //3.2 字节数组解码
        username = new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        */
        
        username  = new String(username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        System.out.println("解决乱码后："+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

4.4 请求转发

@WebServlet("/req5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo5...");
        System.out.println(request);
        //存储数据
        request.setAttribute("msg","hello");

        //请求转发
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/req6").forward(request,response);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}


@WebServlet("/req6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo6...");
        System.out.println(request);
        //获取数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

五、Response

Response设置响应数据

5.1 设置响应数据

5.2 重定向【注意：与请求转发区别】

@WebServlet("/resp1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("resp1....");
        //重定向
        /*//1.设置响应状态码 302
        response.setStatus(302);
        //2. 设置响应头 Location
        response.setHeader("Location","/resp2");*/

        //简化方式完成重定向
        //动态获取虚拟目录
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/resp2");
        //response.sendRedirect("https://www.itcast.cn");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

注意：虚拟目录问题，一般来说服务器使用（不需要加上虚拟目录），浏览器使用（需要加上虚拟目录）

5.3 响应 字符 / 字节 数据

@WebServlet("/resp3")
public class ResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 设置浏览器要解析html代码和字符集（解决乱码）
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        //1. 获取字符输出流
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        //设置content-type目的，告诉浏览器解析HTML代码，例如下面的<h1></h1>
        //response.setHeader("content-type","text/html");

        writer.write("你好");
        writer.write("<h1>aaa</h1>");
        //细节：流不需要关闭
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/resp4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("d://a.jpg");

        //2. 获取response字节输出流
        ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();

        //3. 完成流的copy
       /* byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fis.read(buff))!= -1){
            os.write(buff,0,len);
        }*/
        IOUtils.copy(fis,os);
        fis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

五、项目小实战【用户登录注册】

loglin.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>login</title>
    <link href="css/login.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>

<body>
<div id="loginDiv">
    <form action="/request-response/loginServlet" method="post" id="form">
        <h1 id="loginMsg">LOGIN IN</h1>
        <p>Username:<input id="username" name="username" type="text"></p>

        <p>Password:<input id="password" name="password" type="password"></p>

        <div id="subDiv">
            <input type="submit" class="button" value="login up">
            <input type="reset" class="button" value="reset">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            <a href="register.html">没有账号？点击注册</a>
        </div>
    </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>欢迎注册</title>
    <link href="css/register.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="form-div">
    <div class="reg-content">
        <h1>欢迎注册</h1>
        <span>已有帐号？</span> <a href="login.html">登录</a>
    </div>
    <form id="reg-form" action="/request-response/registerServlet" method="post">

        <table>

            <tr>
                <td>用户名</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="username" type="text" id="username">
                    <br>
                    <span id="username_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">用户名不太受欢迎</span>
                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr>
                <td>密码</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="password" type="password" id="password">
                    <br>
                    <span id="password_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">密码格式有误</span>
                </td>
            </tr>

        </table>

        <div class="buttons">
            <input value="注 册" type="submit" id="reg_btn">
        </div>
        <br class="clear">
    </form>

</div>
</body>
</html>

LoginServlet.java and RegisterServlet.java

@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 接收用户名和密码
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");

        //2. 调用MyBatis完成查询
        //2.1 获取SqlSessionFactory对象
       /* String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);*/

        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = SqlSessionFactoryUtils.getSqlSessionFactory();
        //2.2 获取SqlSession对象
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //2.3 获取Mapper
        UserMapper1 userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper1.class);
        //2.4 调用方法
        User user = userMapper.select(username, password);
        //2.5 释放资源
        sqlSession.close();


        //获取字符输出流，并设置content type
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        //3. 判断user释放为null
        if(user != null){
            // 登陆成功
            writer.write("登陆成功");
        }else {
            // 登陆失败
            writer.write("登陆失败");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/registerServlet")
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 接收用户数据
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");

        //封装用户对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername(username);
        user.setPassword(password);

        //2. 调用mapper 根据用户名查询用户对象
        //2.1 获取SqlSessionFactory对象
       /* String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);*/
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = SqlSessionFactoryUtils.getSqlSessionFactory();

        //2.2 获取SqlSession对象
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //2.3 获取Mapper
        UserMapper1 userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper1.class);

        //2.4 调用方法
        User u = userMapper.selectByUsername(username);

        //3. 判断用户对象释放为null
        if( u == null){
            // 用户名不存在，添加用户
            userMapper.add(user);

            // 提交事务
            sqlSession.commit();
            // 释放资源
            sqlSession.close();
        }else {
            // 用户名存在，给出提示信息
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            response.getWriter().write("用户名已存在");
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}