DOM基础学习-JavaScript

看完JavaScript高级程序设计，整理了一下里面的DOM这一块的知识点，比较多，比较碎！DOM在整个页面的地位如图：

DOM（文档对象模型）是针对HTML 和XML 文档的一个API（应用程序编程接口）。DOM描,绘了一个层次化的节点树，允许开发人员添加、移除和修改页面的某一部分.

1、节点层次

DOM 可以将任何HTML 或XML 文档描绘成一个由多层节点构成的结构。节点分为几种不同的类型，每种类型分别表示文档中不同的信息及（或）标记。每个节点都拥有各自的特点、数据和方法，另外也与其他节点存在某种关系。节点类型如图：

1、节点的公共属和方法

• nodeType ——节点的类型，9代表Document节点，1代表Element节点，3代表Text节点，8代表Comment节点，11代表DocumentFragment节点

• nodeName ——元素的标签名(如P,SPAN,#text(文本节点),DIV)，以大写形式表示

• nodeVlue ——Text节点或Comment节点的文本内容

• childNodes—–获取子节点

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var firstChild = someNode<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.childNodes</span>[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
var secondChild = someNode<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.childNodes</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.item</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
var count = someNode<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.childNodes</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.length</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

• parentNode——获取父节点

• firstNode——获取第一个子节点

• lastNode——获取最后一个子节点

• nextSibling——获取下一个兄弟节点

• previousSibling——获取上一个兄弟节点

• ownerDocument——获取文档节点

• hasChildNodes()——判断是否有子节点

• appendChild()——添加子节点,接收一个参数表示要添加的节点,返回添加的节点.

<code class="hljs cs hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> returnedNode = someNode.appendChild(newNode);
alert(returnedNode == newNode); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//true</span>
alert(someNode.lastChild == newNode); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//true</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

• insertBefore()——在参考节点前添加子节点,接收两个参数,第一个参数表示要添加的节点,第二个参数表示参考节点,返回添加的节点.

<code class="hljs cs hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//插入后成为第一个子节点</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> returnedNode = someNode.insertBefore(newNode, someNode.firstChild);
alert(returnedNode == newNode); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//true</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

• replaceChild()——替换子节点,接收两个参数,第一个参数表示要添加的节点,第二个参数表示被替换的节点,返回被替换的节点.

<code class="hljs cs hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//替换第一个子节点</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> returnedNode = someNode.replaceChild(newNode, someNode.firstChild);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

• removeChild()—–移除子节点,这个方法接受一个参数，即要移除的节点。被移除的节点将成为方法的返回值

//移除第一个子节点 
var formerFirstChild = someNode.removeChild(someNode.firstChild);

• cloneNode()——克隆节点,接收一个boolean类型的参数,当参数为true时执行深复制,意即复制内容包含其子节点.

<code class="hljs xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ul</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">li</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span>item 1<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">li</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">li</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span>item 2<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">li</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">li</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span>item 3<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">li</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ul</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span>
var deepList = myList.cloneNode(true);
alert(deepList.childNodes.length); //3（IE <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">< </span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">9</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">）或</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">7</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">（其他浏览器）
</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">var</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">shallowList</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> = </span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">myList.cloneNode</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">false</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">);
</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">alert</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">shallowList.childNodes.length</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">); //</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">0</span></span></span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

deepList.childNodes.length 中的差异主要是因为IE8 及更早版本与其他浏览器处理空白字符的方式不一样。IE9 之前的版本不会为空白符创建节点。

cloneNode()方法不会复制添加到DOM 节点中的JavaScript 属性，例如事件处理程序等。这个方法只复制特性、（在明确指定的情况下也复制）子节点，其他一切都不会复制。IE 在此存在一个bug，即它会复制事件处理程序，所以我们建议在复制之前最好先移除事件处理程序。

上述节点的nodeName 和 nodeValue对应下图：

2、Doucment类型

JavaScript 通过Document 类型表示文档。在浏览器中，document 对象是HTMLDocument（继承自Document 类型）的一个实例，表示整个HTML 页面。而且，document 对象是window 对象的一个属性，因此可以将其作为全局对象来访问

1、document对象的属性和方法

• documentElement——获取html节点元素

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> html = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.documentElement; <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得对<html>的引用
alert(html === <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.childNodes[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>]); <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>
alert(html === <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.firstChild); <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

• body——获取body节点元素

• title——获取title文字节点元素

<code class="hljs cs hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//取得文档标题</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> originalTitle = document.title;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置文档标题</span>
</code><p><code class="hljs cs hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">document.title = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"New page title"</span>;</code><code class="hljs cs hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"></code><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 'microsoft yahei'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 35px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">URL</span>——取得完整的URL</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">domain</span>——取得域名</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">referrer</span>——取得来源页面的URL</p></li></ul><pre class="prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border: 1px solid rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0745098); border-radius: 0px; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.0470588);"><code class="hljs lasso hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//取得完整的URL</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> url <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span> document<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.</span>URL;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//取得域名</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> domain <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span> document<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.</span>domain;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//取得来源页面的URL</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">referrer</span> <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span> document<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.</span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">referrer</span>;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

• document.anchors——包含文档中所有带name 特性的元素

• document.forms——包含文档中所有的元素，与document.getElementsByTagName(“form”)得到的结果相同

• document.images——包含文档中所有的元素，与document.getElementsByTagName(“img”)得到的结果相同；

• document.links——包含文档中所有带href 特性的元素。

2、DOM的操作

• getElementById()——通过id属性获取元素

• getElementsByTagName()——通过元素名获取元素

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> div = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myDiv"</span>); <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得id=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'myDiv'</span>元素的引用
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> images = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.getElementsByTagName(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"img"</span>); <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得img元素的引用
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> allElements = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.getElementsByTagName(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"*"</span>); <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>获取文档中所有的元素</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

IE7及较低版本还为此方法添加了一个有意思的“怪癖”：name特性与给定ID匹配的表单元素也会被该方法返回

3、DOM一致性检测

由于 DOM 分为多个级别，也包含多个部分，因此检测浏览器实现了DOM的哪些部分就十分必要了。document.implementation 属性就是为此提供相应信息和功能的对象，与浏览器对DOM的实现直接对应。DOM1 级只为document.implementation 规定了一个方法，即hasFeature()。这个方法接受两个参数：要检测的DOM功能的名称及版本号。如果浏览器支持给定名称和版本的功能，则该方法返回true。

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var hasXmlDom = document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.implementation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.hasFeature</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"XML"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1.0"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

以下为列出了可以检测的不同的值及版本号

• Core 1.0、2.0、3.0 基本的DOM，用于描述表现文档的节点树
• XML 1.0、2.0、3.0 Core的XML扩展，添加了对CDATA、处理指令及实体的支持
• HTML 1.0、2.0 XML的HTML扩展，添加了对HTML特有元素及实体的支持
• Views 2.0 基于某些样式完成文档的格式化
• StyleSheets 2.0 将样式表关联到文档
• CSS 2.0 对层叠样式表1级的支持
• CSS2 2.0 对层叠样式表2级的支持
• Events 2.0，3.0 常规的DOM事件
• UIEvents 2.0，3.0 用户界面事件
• MouseEvents 2.0，3.0 由鼠标引发的事件（click、mouseover等）
• MutationEvents 2.0，3.0 DOM树变化时引发的事件
• HTMLEvents 2.0 HTML4.01事件
• Range 2.0 用于操作DOM树中某个范围的对象和方法
• Traversal 2.0 遍历DOM树的方法
• LS 3.0 文件与DOM树之间的同步加载和保存
• LS-Async 3.0 文件与DOM树之间的异步加载和保存
• Validation 3.0 在确保有效的前提下修改DOM树的方法

3、Element类型

1、HTML元素

所有 HTML 元素都由HTMLElement 类型表示，不是直接通过这个类型，也是通过它的子类型来表示。HTMLElement 类型直接继承自Element 并添加了一些属性。添加的这些属性分别对应于每个HTML元素中都存在的下列标准特性。

id ——元素在文档中的唯一标识符。 
title ——有关元素的附加说明信息，一般通过工具提示条显示出来。 
lang ——元素内容的语言代码，很少使用。 
dir ——语言的方向，值为”ltr”（left-to-right，从左至右）或”rtl”（right-to-left，从右至左），也很少使用。 
className ——与元素的class 特性对应，即为元素指定的CSS类。没有将这个属性命名为class，是因为class 是ECMAScript 的保留字

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><div id=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myDiv"</span> class=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"bd"</span> title=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Body text"</span> lang=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"en"</span> dir=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ltr"</span>></div>
var div = document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getElementById</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myDiv"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
alert(div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.id</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">; //"myDiv""</span>
alert(div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.className</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">; //"bd"</span>
alert(div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.title</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">; //"Body text"</span>
alert(div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.lang</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">; //"en"</span>
alert(div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.dir</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">; //"ltr"</span>

div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.id</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"someOtherId"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.className</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ft"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.title</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Some other text"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.lang</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"fr"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.dir</span> =<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"rtl"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

2、特性操作

有三个方法可以操作元素的特性

• getAttribute()
• setAttribute()
• removeAttribute()

<code class="hljs axapta hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span> = document.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myDiv"</span>);
alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.getAttribute(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"id"</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//"myDiv"</span>
alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.getAttribute(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"class"</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//"bd"</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"id"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"someOtherId"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"class"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ft"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"title"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Some other text"</span>);

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.removeAttribute(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"class"</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

有两类特殊的特性，它们虽然有对应的属性名，但属性的值与通过getAttribute()返回的值并不相同。第一类特性就是style，用于通过CSS 为元素指定样式。在通过getAttribute()访问时，返回的style 特性值中包含的是CSS 文本，而通过属性来访问它则会返回一个对象。

第二类与众不同的特性是onclick 这样的事件处理程序。当在元素上使用时，onclick 特性中包含的是JavaScript 代码，如果通过getAttribute()访问，则会返回相应代码的字符串. IE6 及以前版本不支持removeAttribute()。

3、attributes 属性

Element类型是使用attributes属性的唯一一个DOM节点类型,attributes属性是NamedNodeMap类型的对象,它有以下几个方法

• getNamedItem(name)——返回nodeName 属性等于name 的节点；
• removeNamedItem(name)——从列表中移除nodeName 属性等于name 的节点；
• setNamedItem(node)——向列表中添加节点，以节点的nodeName 属性为索引；
• item(pos)——返回位于数字pos 位置处的节点。

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var id = element<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.attributes</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getNamedItem</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"id"</span>)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.nodeValue</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
var id = element<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.attributes</span>[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"id"</span>]<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.nodeValue</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
element<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.attributes</span>[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"id"</span>]<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.nodeValue</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"someOtherId"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

由于attributes的方法不够方便，因此开发人员更多的会使用getAttribute()、removeAttribute()和setAttribute()方法。

4、创建元素

• document.createElement() ——方法可以创建新元素。这个方法只接受一个参数，即要创建元素的标签名。

<code class="hljs delphi hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span> = document.createElement(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'div'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.id = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'myDiv'</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.className = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'box'</span>;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

• document.appendChild();

在 IE 中可以以另一种方式使用createElement()，即为这个方法传入完整的元素标签，也可以包含属性，如下面的例子所示。

<code class="hljs xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var div = document.createElement("<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">div</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">id</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">=</span><span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">\"myNewDiv\"</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">=</span><span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">\"box\"</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;">></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></</span><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">div</span></span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> ></span></span>");</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

这种方式有助于避开在IE7 及更早版本中动态创建元素的某些问题。

4、Text类型

文本节点由 Text 类型表示，包含的是可以照字面解释的纯文本内容。纯文本中可以包含转义后的HTML 字符，但不能包含HTML代码。

使用下列方法可以操作节点中的文本

• appendData(text)：将text 添加到节点的末尾。

• deleteData(offset, count)：从offset 指定的位置开始删除count 个字符。

• insertData(offset, text)：在offset 指定的位置插入text。

• replaceData(offset, count, text)：用text 替换从offset 指定的位置开始到offset+count为止处的文本

• splitText(offset)：从offset 指定的位置将当前文本节点分成两个文本节点

• substringData(offset, count)：提取从offset 指定的位置开始到offset+count 为止处的字符串创建文本节点

• createTextNode()——可以创建文本节点.

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> textNode = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<strong>Hello</strong> world!"</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

下面展示如何将一个文本节点添加到文档中

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var element = document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.createElement</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"div"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
element<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.className</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"message"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
var textNode = document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.createTextNode</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Hello world!"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
element<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.appendChild</span>(textNode)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.body</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.appendChild</span>(element)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

合并文本节点

一个元素可能会存在多个文本节点,但是文本节点之间也没有空格,因此无法区分哪个节点对应的是哪个文本,通过下面的方法可以将element元素的文本节点合并.

• element.normalize();当然也可以分割文本节点,使用
• splitText(index),index表示字符索引.

<code class="hljs livecodeserver hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var newNode = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">element</span>.firstChild.splitText(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>);从位置<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span> 开始。位置<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>是<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Hello"</span>和<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"world!"</span>之间的空格
alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">element</span>.firstChild.nodeValue);<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //"Hello"</span>
alert(newNode.nodeValue);<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //" world!"</span>
alert(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">element</span>.childNodes.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>);<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //2</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

注意提醒： 
1、innerText、textContent innerText与textContent的区别，当文本为空时，innerText是”“，而textContent是undefined 
2、innerHTML与innerText的区别，就是对HTML代码的输出方式Text不会输出HTML代码.

5、DOM扩展

1、选择符API

Selectors API Level 1 的核心是两个方法： 
- querySelector() 
- querySelectorAll()。

在兼容的浏览器中，可以通过Document 及Element 类型的实例调用它们。目前已完全支持Selectors API Level 1的浏览器有IE 8+、Firefox 3.5+、Safari 3.1+、Chrome 和Opera 10+。

querySelector()方法

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得body 元素
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> body = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"body"</span>);
<span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得ID 为<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myDiv"</span>的元素
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> myDiv = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"#myDiv"</span>);
<span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得类为<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"selected"</span>的第一个元素
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> selected = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".selected"</span>);
<span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得类为<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"button"</span>的第一个图像元素
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> img = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.body.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"img.button"</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

querySelectorAll()方法

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得某<div>中的所有<em>元素（类似于getElementsByTagName(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"em"</span>)）
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> ems = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myDiv"</span>).querySelectorAll(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"em"</span>);
<span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得类为<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"selected"</span>的所有元素
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> selecteds = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.querySelectorAll(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".selected"</span>);
<span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得所有<p>元素中的所有<strong>元素
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> strongs = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.querySelectorAll(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"p strong"</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

2、HTML5与类相关的扩充

• getElementsByClassName()方法

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>取得所有类中包含<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"username"</span>和<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"current"</span>的元素，类名的先后顺序无所谓
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> allCurrentUsernames = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.getElementsByClassName(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"username current"</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

支持 getElementsByClassName()方法的浏览器有IE 9+、Firefox 3+、Safari 3.1+、Chrome 和 
Opera 9.5+。

• 焦点管理——document.activeElement

这个属性指向的是当前获得焦点的元素,使用focus()可以让元素获得焦点

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> button = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myButton"</span>);
button.focus();
alert(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.activeElement === button); <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.hasFocus()</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

这个方法用于确定文档是否获得了焦点

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> button = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myButton"</span>);
button.focus();
alert(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.hasFocus()); <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

实现了这两个属性的浏览器的包括IE 4+、Firefox 3+、Safari 4+、Chrome 和Opera 8+。

HTMLDocument的变化

• readyState 属性

document.readyState表示文档的加载进度,它有两个值分别为’loading’和’complete’.

<code class="hljs cs hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(document.readyState == <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'complete'</span>){
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//执行操作</span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

支持 readyState 属性的浏览器有IE4+、Firefox 3.6+、Safari、Chrome 和Opera 9+。

• compatMode 的属性——document.compatMode属性告诉开发人员浏览器采用了哪种渲染模式。

在标准模式下，document.compatMode 的值等于”CSS1Compat”，而在混杂模式下document.compatMode 的值等于”BackCompat”。

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.compatMode == <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"CSS1Compat"</span>){
alert(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Standards mode"</span>);
} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> {
alert(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Quirks mode"</span>);
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

兼容性:IE、Firefox、Safari 3.1+、Opera 和Chrome

• 字符编码——document.charset

• 当前文档的字符编码

• document.defaultCharset——当前文档的默认字符编码

3、自定义数据属性

HTML5 规定可以为元素添加非标准的属性，但要添加前缀data-，目的是为元素提供与渲染无关的信息，或者提供语义信息。

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><div id=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myDiv"</span> data-appId=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"12345"</span> data-myname=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Nicholas"</span>></div>
var div = document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getElementById</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"myDiv"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
//取得自定义属性的值
var appId = div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.dataset</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.appId</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
var myName = div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.dataset</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.myname</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
//设置值
div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.dataset</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.appId</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">23456</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.dataset</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.myname</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Michael"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>

if (div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.dataset</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.myname</span>){
alert(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Hello, "</span> + div<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.dataset</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.myname</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

支持自定义数据属性的浏览器有Firefox 6+和Chrome

• 插入标记

  • innerHTML属性

在读模式下，innerHTML 属性返回与调用元素的所有子节点（包括元素、注释和文本节点）对应 
的HTML 标记。在写模式下，innerHTML 会根据指定的值创建新的DOM树，然后用这个DOM树完全 
替换调用元素原先的所有子节点

• outerHTML 属性

在读模式下，outerHTML 返回调用它的元素及所有子节点的HTML 标签。在写模式下，outerHTML 
会根据指定的HTML 字符串创建新的DOM 子树，然后用这个DOM子树完全替换调用元素。

4、内存与性能问题

使用本节介绍的方法替换子节点可能会导致浏览器的内存占用问题，尤其是在IE 中，问题更加明显。在删除带有事件处理程序或引用了其他JavaScript 对象子树时，就有可能导致内存占用问题。假设某个元素有一个事件处理程序（或者引用了一个JavaScript 对象作为属性），在使用前述某个属性将该元素从文档树中删除后，元素与事件处理程序（或JavaScript 对象）之间的绑定关系在内存中并没有一并删除。如果这种情况频繁出现，页面占用的内存数量就会明显增加。因此，在使用innerHTML、outerHTML 属性方法时，最好先手工删除要被替换的元素的所有事件处理程序和JavaScript 对象属性

• scrollIntoView()方法——让元素可见

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">//让元素可见
document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.forms</span>[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>]<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.scrollIntoView</span>()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

6、DOM2和DOM3

DOM2 和DOM3级分为许多模块（模块之间具有某种关联），分别描述了DOM 的某个非常具体的子集。这些模块如下

• DOM2 级核心（DOM Level 2 Core）：在1 级核心基础上构建，为节点添加了更多方法和属性。
• DOM2 级视图（DOM Level 2 Views）：为文档定义了基于样式信息的不同视图。
• DOM2 级事件（DOM Level 2 Events）：说明了如何使用事件与DOM文档交互。
• DOM2 级样式（DOM Level 2 Style）：定义了如何以编程方式来访问和改变CSS 样式信息。
• DOM2 级遍历和范围（DOM Level 2 Traversal and Range）：引入了遍历DOM 文档和选择其特定部分的新接口。
• DOM2 级 HTML（DOM Level 2 HTML）：在1 级HTML 基础上构建，添加了更多属性、方法和新接口 
  样式

在 HTML 中定义样式的方式有3 种：通过<link/>元素包含外部样式表文件、使用<style/>元素定义嵌入式样式，以及使用style 特性定义针对特定元素的样式。“DOM2 级样式”模块围绕这3 种应用样式的机制提供了一套API。要确定浏览器是否支持DOM2 级定义的CSS 能力，可以使用下列代码

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var supportsDOM2CSS = document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.implementation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.hasFeature</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"CSS"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
var supportsDOM2CSS2 = document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.implementation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.hasFeature</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"CSS2"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

1、访问元素的样式

任何支持 style 特性的HTML 元素在JavaScript 中都有一个对应的style 属性。访问和设置元素的css属性可以这样操作:

<code class="hljs delphi hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span> = document.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'myDiv'</span>);
console.log(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.style.color); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//获取color值</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.style.color = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'red'</span>;    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置color值</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">div</span>.style.fontSize = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'20px'</span>;<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置font-size的值(这里会将有短横线的值转化为驼峰命名来获取或设置) </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

注：IE6+,chrome,firfox支持这种获取或设置css的方式.这里有一个特例,由于float是保留关键字,所以通过cssFloat来访问和设置,而IE中则通过styleFloat来设置或访问.

元素的style对象除了有css的样式属性外,也包含了自己的一些属性,具体如下:

• cssText：通过它能够访问和设置style 特性中的CSS代码.支持IE6+,chrome,firfox.
• length：应用给元素的CSS 属性的数量。支持IE9+,chrome,firfox.
• parentRule：表示CSS 信息的CSSRule 对象,后面将讨论CSSRule 类型。
• getPropertyPriority(propertyName)：如果给定的属性使用了!important 设置，则返回”important”；否则，返回空字符串。支持IE9+,chrome,firfox.
• getPropertyValue(propertyName)：返回给定属性的字符串值。支持IE9+、Safari,Chrome,firfox
• item(index)：返回给定位置的CSS 属性的名称。支持IE9+、Safari,Chrome,firfox
• removeProperty(propertyName)：从样式中删除给定属性。支持IE9+、Safari,Chrome,firfox
• setProperty(propertyName,value,priority)：将给定属性设置为相应的值，并加上优先权标志（”important”或者一个空字符串）。支持IE9+、Safari,Chrome,firfox

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">//设置style对象的cssText属性
myDiv<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.style</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.cssText</span> = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"width: 25px; height: 100px; background-color: green"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
alert(myDiv<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.style</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.cssText</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

2、操作样式表

CSSStyleSheet 类型表示的是样式表，包括通过<link>元素包含的样式表和在<style>元素中定义的样式表,使用下面的代码可以确定浏览器是否支持DOM2 级样式表:

<code class="hljs avrasm hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">var supportsDOM2StyleSheets =document<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.implementation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.hasFeature</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"StyleSheets"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

CSSStyleSheet 继承自StyleSheet，后者可以作为一个基础接口来定义非CSS 样式表。从StyleSheet 接口继承而来的属性如下:

• disabled：表示样式表是否被禁用的布尔值。这个属性是可读/写的，将这个值设置为true可以禁用样式表。
• href：如果样式表是通过<link>包含的，则是样式表的URL；否则，是null。

• media：当前样式表支持的所有媒体类型的集合。与所有DOM 集合一样，这个集合也有一个length 属性和一个item()方法。也可以使用方括号语法取得集合中特定的项。如果集合是空列表，表示样式表适用于所有媒体。在IE 中，media 是一个反映<link>和<style>元素media特性值的字符串。

• ownerNode：指向拥有当前样式表的节点的指针，样式表可能是在HTML 中通过<link>或<style/>引入的（在XML 中可能是通过处理指令引入的）。如果当前样式表是其他样式表通过@import 导入的，则这个属性值为null。IE 不支持这个属性。

• parentStyleSheet：在当前样式表是通过@import 导入的情况下，这个属性是一个指向导入它的样式表的指针。

• title：ownerNode 中title 属性的值。
• type：表示样式表类型的字符串。对CSS 样式表而言，这个字符串是”type/css”。

除了 disabled 属性之外，其他属性都是只读的。在支持以上所有这些属性的基础上，CSSStyleSheet 类型还支持下列属性和方法：

• cssRules：样式表中包含的样式规则的集合。IE 不支持这个属性，但有一个类似的rules 属性。
• ownerRule：如果样式表是通过@import 导入的，这个属性就是一个指针，指向表示导入的规则；否则，值为null。IE 不支持这个属性。
• deleteRule(index)：删除cssRules 集合中指定位置的规则。IE 不支持这个方法，但支持一个类似removeRule()方法。
• insertRule(rule,index)：向cssRules 集合中指定的位置插入rule 字符串。IE 不支持这个方法，但支持一个类似的addRule()方法。

应用于文档的所有样式表是通过 document.styleSheets 集合来表示的。也可以直接通过<link>或<style>元素取得CSSStyleSheet 对象。DOM 规定了一个包含CSSStyleSheet 对象的属性，名叫sheet；除了IE，其他浏览器都支持这个属性。IE 支持的是styleSheet属性

3、元素大小

• 偏移量 
  
  • offsetHeight：元素在垂直方向上占用的空间大小，以像素计。包括元素的高度、（可见的）水平滚动条的高度、上边框高度和下边框高度。
  • offsetWidth：元素在水平方向上占用的空间大小，以像素计。包括元素的宽度、（可见的）垂直滚动条的宽度、左边框宽度和右边框宽度。
  • offsetLeft：元素的左外边框至包含元素的左内边框之间的像素距离。
  • offsetTop：元素的上外边框至包含元素的上内边框之间的像素距离。

客户区大小

有关客户区大小的属性有两个：clientWidth 和clientHeight。其中，clientWidth 属性是元素内容区宽度加上左右内边距宽度；clientHeight 属性是元素内容区高度加上上下内边距高度

滚动大小

• scrollHeight：在没有滚动条的情况下，元素内容的总高度。
• scrollLeft：被隐藏在内容区域左侧的像素数。通过设置这个属性可以改变元素的滚动位置。
• scrollTop：被隐藏在内容区域上方的像素数。通过设置这个属性可以改变元素的滚动位置。 
  确定元素大小

IE、Firefox 3+、Safari 4+、Opera 9.5 及Chrome 为每个元素都提供了一个getBoundingClientRect()方法。这个方法返回会一个矩形对象，包含4 个属性：left、top、right 和bottom。这些属性给出了元素在页面中相对于视口的位置。但是，浏览器的实现稍有不同。IE8 及更早版本认为文档的左上角坐标是(2, 2)，而其他浏览器包括IE9 则将传统的(0,0)作为起点坐标。因此，就需要在一开始检查一下位于(0,0)处的元素的位置，在IE8 及更早版本中，会返回(2,2)，而在其他浏览器中会返回(0,0).

遍历

DOM2 级遍历和范围”模块定义了两个用于辅助完成顺序遍历DOM 结构的类型：NodeIterator和TreeWalker。这两个类型能够基于给定的起点对DOM 结构执行深度优先（depth-first）的遍历操作。

在与DOM 兼容的浏览器中（Firefox 1 及更高版本、Safari 1.3 及更高版本、Opera 7.6 及更高版本、Chrome0.2 及更高版本），都可以访问到这些类型的对象。IE 不支持DOM 遍历。使用下列代码可以检测浏览器

对DOM2 级遍历能力的支持情况。

<code class="hljs coffeescript hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> supportsTraversals = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.implementation.hasFeature(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Traversal"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0"</span>);
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> supportsNodeIterator = (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">typeof</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.createNodeIterator == <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"function"</span>);
<span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> supportsTreeWalker = (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">typeof</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">document</span>.createTreeWalker == <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"function"</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

范围

为了让开发人员更方便地控制页面，“DOM2 级遍历和范围”模块定义了“范围”（range）接口。通过范围可以选择文档中的一个区域，而不必考虑节点的界限（选择在后台完成，对用户是不可见的）。在常规的DOM 操作不能更有效地修改文档时，使用范围往往可以达到目的。Firefox、Opera、Safari 和Chrome 都支持DOM 范围。IE 以专有方式实现了自己的范围特性。