libc 获取文件/文件夹/存储设备 size

libc获取文件大小

用stat系统调用即可strcut stat

st_size代表文件size 

st_mode文件类型与文件权限

#include <sys/stat.h>

DESCRIPTION
The <sys/stat.h> header shall define the structure of the data
returned by the functions fstat(), lstat(), and stat().

The stat structure shall contain at least the following members:
struct stat
{
dev_t     st_dev     Device ID of device containing file. 
ino_t     st_ino     File serial number. 
mode_t    st_mode    Mode of file (see below). 
nlink_t   st_nlink   Number of hard links to the file. 
uid_t     st_uid     User ID of file. 
gid_t     st_gid     Group ID of file. 

dev_t     st_rdev    Device ID (if file is character or block special). 

off_t     st_size    For regular files, the file size in bytes. 
                     For symbolic links, the length in bytes of the 
                     pathname contained in the symbolic link. 
[SHM]
                     For a shared memory object, the length in bytes. 

[TYM]
                     For a typed memory object, the length in bytes. 
                     For other file types, the use of this field is 
                     unspecified. 
time_t    st_atime   Time of last access. 
time_t    st_mtime   Time of last data modification. 
time_t    st_ctime   Time of last status change. 

blksize_t st_blksize A file system-specific preferred I/O block size for 
                     this object. In some file system types, this may 
                     vary from file to file. 
blkcnt_t  st_blocks  Number of blocks allocated for this object. 
}

The following symbolic names for the values of type mode_t shall
also be defined.

File type:

S_IFMT
Type of file.
S_IFBLK
Block special.
S_IFCHR
Character special.
S_IFIFO
FIFO special.
S_IFREG
Regular.
S_IFDIR
Directory.
S_IFLNK
Symbolic link.
S_IFSOCK
Socket.
File mode bits:

S_IRWXU
Read, write, execute/search by owner.
S_IRUSR
Read permission, owner.
S_IWUSR
Write permission, owner.
S_IXUSR
Execute/search permission, owner.
S_IRWXG
Read, write, execute/search by group.
S_IRGRP
Read permission, group.
S_IWGRP
Write permission, group.
S_IXGRP
Execute/search permission, group.
S_IRWXO
Read, write, execute/search by others.
S_IROTH
Read permission, others.
S_IWOTH
Write permission, others.
S_IXOTH
Execute/search permission, others.
S_ISUID
Set-user-ID on execution.
S_ISGID
Set-group-ID on execution.
S_ISVTX
On directories, restricted deletion flag.

libc获取文件夹大小

文件夹的大小如果用如上方法size位4096，要想获取文件夹以及子目录所有文件的大小要遍历整个子目录并统计。可以使用函数ftw()，man手册定义与使用方法如下

ftw - traverse (walk) a file tree

#include <ftw.h>

int ftw(const char *path, int (*fn)(const char *,
    const struct stat *ptr, int flag), int ndirs);

 DESCRIPTION
The ftw() function recursively descends the directory hierarchy
rooted in path. For each object in the hierarchy, ftw() calls
the function pointed to by fn, passing it a pointer to a
null-terminated character string containing the name of
the object, a pointer to a stat structure containing
information about the object, and an integer. Possible
values of the integer, defined in the <ftw.h> header, are:
FTW_D
For a directory.
FTW_DNR
For a directory that cannot be read.
FTW_F
For a file.
FTW_SL
For a symbolic link (but see also FTW_NS below).
FTW_NS
For an object other than a symbolic link on which stat() could
not successfully be executed. If the object is a symbolic link
and stat() failed, it is unspecified whether ftw() passes
FTW_SL or FTW_NS to the user-supplied function.
If the integer is FTW_DNR, descendants of that directory will
not be processed. If the integer is FTW_NS, the stat structure
will contain undefined values. An example of an object that
would cause FTW_NS to be passed to the function pointed to by
fn would be a file in a directory with read but without execute
(search) permission.

The ftw() function visits a directory before visiting any of its descendants.

The ftw() function uses at most one file descriptor for each level in the tree.

The argument ndirs should be in the range of 1 to {OPEN_MAX}.

The tree traversal continues until the tree is exhausted, an invocation of
fn returns a non-zero value, or some error, other than [EACCES], is
detected within ftw().

The ndirs argument specifies the maximum number of directory streams
or file descriptors or both available for use by ftw() while traversing
the tree. When ftw() returns it closes any directory streams and
file descriptors it uses not counting any opened by the
application-supplied fn() function.

static unsigned int total = 0;

int sum(const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb, int typeflag) {
    total += sb->st_size;
    return 0;
}

static unsigned long DirSize(const char* path)
{
    if (ftw(path, &sum, 1)) {
        printf("ftw error\n");
        return 0;
    }   
    return total;
}

除了以上两种情况之外有时候还需要获取挂载的存储设备的size，f_blocks代表总块数量，f_avail代表空闲块数量。path为同一个设备下的任何目录都可以获得该设备的设备的各种size

sys/statvfs.h - VFS File System information structure

#include <sys/statvfs.h> 

DESCRIPTION
The <sys/statvfs.h> header shall define the statvfs structure that includes
at least the following members:

struct statvfs
{
unsigned long f_bsize    File system block size. 
unsigned long f_frsize   Fundamental file system block size. 
fsblkcnt_t    f_blocks   Total number of blocks on file system
                            in units of f_frsize. 
fsblkcnt_t    f_bfree    Total number of free blocks. 
fsblkcnt_t    f_bavail   Number of free blocks available to 
                         non-privileged process. 
fsfilcnt_t    f_files    Total number of file serial numbers. 
fsfilcnt_t    f_ffree    Total number of free file serial numbers. 
fsfilcnt_t    f_favail   Number of file serial numbers available to 
                         non-privileged process. 
unsigned long f_fsid     File system ID. 
unsigned long f_flag     Bit mask of f_flag values. 
unsigned long f_namemax  Maximum filename length. 
}

    int ret;
    struct statvfs vfs;
    state = statvfs(PATH,&vfs);
    if(ret < 0){ 
        printf("read error!!!\n");
    }   

    block_size = vfs.f_bsize;
    total_size = vfs.f_blocks * block_size;
    free_size = vfs.f_bfree * block_size;
    used_size = (vfs.f_blocks - vfs.f_bavail) * block_size;
    avail_size = vfs.f_bavail * block_size;