形变块匹配跟踪(1)：配准跟踪与几何约束_bg

参看论文：Fast and robust 3D ultrasound registration – Block and game theoretic matching

期刊水平：Medical imaging analysis (MIA)

投稿单位：伊拉斯谟医学院 计算医学中心

文章作者设计了一种全局稠密块匹配的跟踪算法，原理是序列配准，核心是几何约束下的outliers reject策略。

1. 摘要

Real-time 3D US has potential for image guidance in minimally invasive liver interventions. However, motion caused by patient breathing makes it hard to visualize a localized area, and to maintain alignment with pre-operative information. In this work we develop a fast affine registration framework to compensate in real-time for liver motion/displacement due to breathing. The affine registration of two consecutive ultrasound volumes in time is performed using block-matching. For a set of evenly distributed points in one volume and their correspondences in the other volume, we propose a robust outlier rejection method to reject false matches. The inliers are then used to determine the affine transformation. The approach is evaluated on 13 4D ultrasound sequences acquired from 8 subjects. For 91 pairs of 3D ultrasound volumes selected from these sequences, a mean registration error of 1.8 mm is achieved. A graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation runs the 3D US registration at 8 Hz.

在微创肝脏介入治疗中，实时的3D超声有潜力成为影像导航工具。然而，由于患者呼吸引发的运动使得观察一个固定点、并与术前的信息匹配变得很难。该工作中，作者开发了一个快速的彷射框架实时的补偿由于呼吸运动引发的肝脏运动偏移。两个连续的3D立体之间的的彷射配准是通过块匹配完成的。对于两个3D立体中均匀分布的点集，作者提出了一种鲁棒性的离群排斥方法，拒绝错误的匹配信息。inliers（也就是正确的匹配信息）被用于确定仿射变换矩阵。作者从8位受试者中采集到了13个超声序列，从这些序列中选择了91对3D立体，实现了1.8mm的配准误差。此外，作者还采用了GPU对3D超声之间的配准进行加速，最终实现了8Hz的速度。

2. 背景

1.1 临床动机

Replacing classical surgical interventions by minimally invasive alternatives is beneficial for the patient and the health care system, as it has large potential for reducing complication rates, minimizing surgical trauma, and reducing hospital stay. The minimally invasive character, however, makes these interventions challenging for the clinician. There is no direct eyesight on the target region and conventional interventional imaging modalities have limited capabilities. Furthermore the user interfacing and intera