学习设计模式——简单工厂

适用于：
- 创建实例时有多种情况，但不能预见是哪种
- 不依赖于实例的具体实现

好处：
面向接口编程，更好的封装性

直接上代码了：

public interface Api {
    public void operation();
}

public class ImplA implements Api {
    @Override
    public void operation() {
        System.out.println("ImplA的操作");
    }
}

public class ImplB implements Api {
    private String str;
    public ImplB(String str) {
        super();
        this.str = str;
    }
    @Override
    public void operation() {
        System.out.println("ImplB的操作,它的类变量为"+str);
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.util.Properties;

public class Factory {
    public static Api createApi(String className) {
        Properties p = getProperties();

        Api api = null;
        try {
            api = (Api) Class.forName(p.getProperty(className)).newInstance();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("创建"+className+"失败");
        }
        return api;
    }

    public static Api createApi(String className, String parameter) {
        Properties p = getProperties();

        Api api = null;
        try {
            Constructor<?> c = Class.forName(p.getProperty(className)).getConstructor(String.class);
            api = (Api) c.newInstance(parameter);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("创建"+className+"失败");
        }
        return api;
    }

    private static Properties getProperties() {
        InputStream inputStream = Factory.class.getResourceAsStream(
                "factory.properties");
        Properties p = new Properties();
        try {
            p.load(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                    inputStream = null;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return p;
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Api a = Factory.createApi("ImplA");
        Api b = Factory.createApi("ImplB","参数");

        a.operation();
        b.operation();
    }
}

配置文件”factory.properties”，内容如下：

ImplA=com.hefan.java.shixiao.factory2.ImplA
ImplB=com.hefan.java.shixiao.factory2.ImplB

输出：

ImplA的操作
ImplB的操作,它的类变量为参数