string类包含了不少C++基础点:操作符重载,友元函数,深拷贝,拷贝赋值...,因此成为面试中手写代码的热点。以下是我总结的C++string类的实现:
<pre name="code" class="cpp">#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class String
{
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,String &str); //需声明为友元函数才能访问私有成员m_data
friend istream & operator>>(istream &input,String &str); //
public:
String(char *str=NULL);
String(const String &rhs);
const String &operator=(const String & rhs);
bool operator==(const String&rhs);
char& operator[](unsigned int index);
size_t size() const
{
return strlen(m_data);
};
~String()
{
delete [] m_data;
}
private:
char *m_data;
};
String::String(char *str)
{
if(str==NULL)
{
m_data=new char[1]; //默认分配一个字节,不能为空指针(否则流操作输出等操作会因为访问空指针出错)
m_data[0]='\0';
}
else
{
m_data=new char[strlen(str)+1];
strcpy(m_data,str);
}
}
String::String(const String&rhs)
{
m_data=new char[strlen(rhs.m_data)+1];
strcpy(m_data,rhs.m_data);
}
const String & String::operator=(const String & rhs)
{
if (this==&rhs)
{
return *this; //需要进行自赋值判断
}
else
{
delete []m_data;
m_data=new char[strlen(rhs.m_data)+1]; //此处可以直接访问rhs的私有成员,因为同类默认为友元类
strcpy(m_data,rhs.m_data);
}
}
bool String::operator==(const String&rhs)
{
return strcmp(m_data,rhs.m_data);
}
char & String::operator[](unsigned int index)
{
if (index>=0 && index<strlen(m_data))
{
return m_data[index];
}
}
istream & operator>>(istream &input,String &str)
{
char tmp[255];
fill(tmp,tmp+255,0);
input>>tmp;
str=tmp;
return input;
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,String &str)
{
output<<str.m_data; //函数已经声明为友元函数,可以访问私有成员m_data
return output;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
String strA;
String strB("hello");
cout<<strB[4]<<endl;
cout<<strA.size()<<" "<<strB.size()<<endl;
cout<<strA;
cout<<strA<<" "<<strB<<endl;
strA=strB;
cout<<strA;
return 0;
}
运行结果如下: