慢慢欣赏linux qemu gdb调试跟踪

第一个窗口：
创建console节点, 启动qemu

rlk@ubuntu:runninglinuxkernel_4.0_x86$ cd _install_x86/
rlk@ubuntu:_install_x86$ mkdir dev
rlk@ubuntu:_install_x86$ cd dev/
rlk@ubuntu:dev$ sudo mknod console c 5 1
rlk@ubuntu:dev$ ls
console

rlk@ubuntu:runninglinuxkernel_4.0_x86$ ./run.sh x86_64 debug
Enable GDB debug mode

在第二个窗口开启gdb

rlk@ubuntu:runninglinuxkernel_4.0_x86$ file vmlinux
vmlinux: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=534e5567ee8043ec8f3a85cfb8cd59d6b269947a, with debug_info, not stripped
rlk@ubuntu:runninglinuxkernel_4.0_x86$ gdb-multiarch --tui vmlinux
rlk@ubuntu:runninglinuxkernel_4.0_x86$
NU gdb (Ubuntu 8.1-0ubuntu3) 8.1.0.20180409-git
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
---Type <return> to continue, or q <return> to quit---
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from vmlinux...done.
(gdb) 
(gdb) target remote localhost:1234	// 这一步不可或缺
The program is not being run.

Breakpoint 1 at 0xffffffff81ed1829: file init/main.c, line 490.

Breakpoint 1 at 0xffffffff81ed1829: file init/main.c, line 490.
(gdb) b start_kernel
Breakpoint 1 at 0xffffffff81ed1829: file init/main.c, line 490.
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, start_kernel () at init/main.c:490
(gdb) c

这时第一个窗口显示kernel启动信息

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.0.0+ (rlk@ubuntu) (gcc versi1
[    0.000000] Command line: rdinit=/linuxrc console=ttyS0
[    0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000e
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x0000000d
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x0000000d
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000e
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000007fe0000-0x0000000d
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fffc0000-0x0000000d
[    0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
[    0.000000] SMBIOS 2.8 present.
[    0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x7fe0 max_arch_pfn = 0x4000
[    0.000000] PAT configuration [0-7]: WB  WC  UC- UC  WB  
[    0.000000] found SMP MP-table at [mem 0x000f5af0-0x000f]
[    0.000000] Scanning 1 areas for low memory corruption
[    0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0x000ff]
[    0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x07c00000-0x07dff]
[    0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00100000-0x07bff]
[    0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x07e00000-0x07fdf]
[    0.000000] ACPI: Early table checksum verification disad
[    0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 0x00000000000F5910 000014 (v00 BO)
[    0.000000] ACPI: RSDT 0x0000000007FE156F 000030 (v01 BO)
[    0.000000] ACPI: FACP 0x0000000007FE144B 000074 (v01 BO)
[    0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 0x0000000007FE0040 00140B (v01 BO)
[    0.000000] ACPI: FACS 0x0000000007FE0000 000040
[    0.000000] ACPI: APIC 0x0000000007FE14BF 000078 (v01 BO)
[    0.000000] ACPI: HPET 0x0000000007FE1537 000038 (v01 BO)
[    0.000000] No NUMA configuration found
[    0.000000] Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0]
[    0.000000] NODE_DATA(0) allocated [mem 0x07fdc000-0x07f]
[    0.000000] Zone ranges:
[    0.000000]   DMA      [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000]
[    0.000000]   DMA32    [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x0000000]
[    0.000000]   Normal   empty
[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000]
[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000]
[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000]
[    0.000000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x608
[    0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] en)
[    0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0xff] dfl dfl lint[)
[    0.000000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x00] address[0xfec00000] g)
[    0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 0, version 32, address 0x3
[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_ir)
[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 5 global_ir)
[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_ir)
[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 10 global_i)
[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 11 global_i)
[    0.000000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration infon
[    0.000000] ACPI: HPET id: 0x8086a201 base: 0xfed00000
[    0.000000] smpboot: Allowing 1 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs
[    0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0000000]
[    0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009f00]
[    0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000a000]
[    0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000f000]
[    0.000000] e820: [mem 0x08000000-0xfffbffff] available s
[    0.000000] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:64 nr_cpumask_bits:64 1
[    0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 30 pages/cpu @ffff880007c002
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Node order, mobility gr5
[    0.000000] Policy zone: DMA32
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: rdinit=/linuxrc console0
[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 )
[    0.000000] Memory: 111120K/130552K available (10229K ke)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, C1
[    0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000] 	Additional per-CPU info printed with stalls.
[    0.000000] 	RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=64 to nr_.
[    0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=1
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:4352 nr_irqs:256 16
[    0.000000] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
[    0.000000] console [ttyS0] enabled
[    0.000000] tsc: Fast TSC calibration failed
[    0.000000] tsc: Unable to calibrate against PIT
[    0.000000] tsc: using HPET reference calibration
[    0.000000] tsc: Detected 2801.482 MHz processor
[    0.010000] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calc)
[    0.011887] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.012604] ACPI: Core revision 20150204
[    0.021000] ACPI: All ACPI Tables successfully acquired
[    0.023000] Security Framework initialized
[    0.027000] SELinux:  Initializing.
[    0.028459] Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (orde)
[    0.032750] Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order:)
[    0.033965] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: )
[    0.034210] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (or)
[    0.047000] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer
[    0.050000] mce: CPU supports 10 MCE banks
[    0.051000] Last level iTLB entries: 4KB 0, 2MB 0, 4MB 0
[    0.051128] Last level dTLB entries: 4KB 0, 2MB 0, 4MB 00
[    0.070000] Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 12K (ffffff)
[    0.087000] ..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-11
[    0.090000] ..MP-BIOS bug: 8254 timer not connected to IC
[    0.090000] ...trying to set up timer (IRQ0) through the.
[    0.090000] ..... (found apic 0 pin 2) ...
[    0.094000] ....... failed.
[    0.094000] ...trying to set up timer as Virtual Wire IR.
[    0.107000] ..... works.
[    0.109000] APIC calibration not consistent with PM-Times
[    0.109000] APIC delta adjusted to PM-Timer: 6250023 (10)
[    0.111000] smpboot: CPU0: AMD QEMU Virtual CPU version )
[    0.113949] Performance Events: Broken PMU hardware dete.
[    0.115246] Failed to access perfctr msr (MSR c0010004 i)
[    0.138605] Huh? What family is it: 0x6?!
[    0.139151] MCE: In-kernel MCE decoding enabled.
[    0.140797] x86: Booted up 1 node, 1 CPUs
[    0.141342] smpboot: Total of 1 processors activated (56)
[    0.172266] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.192000] RTC time:  7:30:30, date: 02/16/21
[    0.201708] kworker/u2:1 (16) used greatest stack depth:t
[    0.208000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.227000] cpuidle: using governor ladder
[    0.227430] cpuidle: using governor menu
[    0.233000] ACPI: bus type PCI registered
[    0.240000] PCI: Using configuration type 1 for base accs
[    0.259320] kworker/u2:1 (36) used greatest stack depth:t
[    0.370000] ACPI: Added _OSI(Module Device)
[    0.370167] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Device)
[    0.371190] ACPI: Added _OSI(3.0 _SCP Extensions)
[    0.372112] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Aggregator Device)
[    0.419128] ACPI: Interpreter enabled
[    0.420542] ACPI Exception: AE_NOT_FOUND, While evaluati)
[    0.423906] ACPI Exception: AE_NOT_FOUND, While evaluati)
[    0.428000] ACPI: (supports S0 S3 S4 S5)
[    0.428305] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
[    0.432547] PCI: Using host bridge windows from ACPI; ifg
[    0.595000] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (domain 0000 [b)
[    0.597558] acpi PNP0A03:00: _OSC: OS supports [ASPM Clo]
[    0.598566] acpi PNP0A03:00: _OSC failed (AE_NOT_FOUND);M
[    0.601973] acpi PNP0A03:00: fail to add MMCONFIG inform.
[    0.607325] PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[    0.610000] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-f]
[    0.610598] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x00]
[    0.611155] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x0d]
[    0.613315] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x00]
[    0.614146] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x08]
[    0.615467] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x10]
[    0.640220] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x10]
[    0.642274] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x14]
[    0.642807] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x18]
[    0.643120] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x1c]
[    0.648877] pci 0000:00:01.3: quirk: [io  0x0600-0x063f]I
[    0.649175] pci 0000:00:01.3: quirk: [io  0x0700-0x070f]B
[    0.714000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 5 *10 )
[    0.717000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 5 *10 )
[    0.719452] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5 10 *)
[    0.724369] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5 10 *)
[    0.727492] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKS] (IRQs *9)
[    0.741000] ACPI: Enabled 2 GPEs in block 00 to 0F
[    0.757972] vgaarb: setting as boot device: PCI:0000:00:0
[    0.758000] vgaarb: device added: PCI:0000:00:02.0,decode
[    0.758233] vgaarb: loaded
[    0.759437] vgaarb: bridge control possible 0000:00:02.0
[    0.768145] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.780000] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[    0.780192] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 20>
[    0.787000] PTP clock support registered
[    0.792000] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
[    0.821000] NetLabel: Initializing
[    0.821186] NetLabel:  domain hash size = 128
[    0.822221] NetLabel:  protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4
[    0.826618] NetLabel:  unlabeled traffic allowed by defat
[    0.828593] HPET: 3 timers in total, 0 timers will be usr
[    0.831000] hpet0: at MMIO 0xfed00000, IRQs 2, 8, 0
[    0.832209] hpet0: 3 comparators, 64-bit 100.000000 MHz r
[    0.840000] Switched to clocksource hpet
[    1.263354] pnp: PnP ACPI init
[    1.315208] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 6 devices
[    1.715603] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    1.746257] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (or)
[    1.748337] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 2,)
[    1.750025] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 102)
[    1.753760] TCP: reno registered
[    1.755127] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 )
[    1.756905] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, )
[    1.765027] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    1.777854] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport .
[    1.779829] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[    1.780825] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[    1.781850] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel tran.
[    1.784213] pci 0000:00:01.0: PIIX3: Enabling Passive Ree
[    1.785735] pci 0000:00:00.0: Limiting direct PCI/PCI trs
[    1.787456] pci 0000:00:01.0: Activating ISA DMA hang wos
[    1.801902] microcode: AMD CPU family 0x6 not supported
[    1.830441] Scanning for low memory corruption every 60 s
[    1.889198] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 163)
[    1.895382] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
[    1.901962] audit: type=2000 audit(1613460630.898:1): ind
[    1.952932] HugeTLB registered 2 MB page size, pre-allocs
[    2.304107] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2
[    2.309683] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (or)
[    2.479154] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[    2.491160] Key type id_resolver registered
[    2.493386] Key type id_legacy registered
[    2.517859] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
[    2.661222] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 251)
[    2.669101] io scheduler noop registered
[    2.672945] io scheduler deadline registered
[    2.692790] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[    2.733926] pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5
[    2.793286] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input0
[    2.800001] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 2801.598 MHz
[    2.809242] ACPI: Power Button [PWRF]
[    3.825624] Switched to clocksource tsc
[    4.653061] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] enabled at IRQ 11
[    4.717238] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[    4.760445] 00:05: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
[    4.842725] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3
[    4.849177] Linux agpgart interface v0.103
[    4.907008] VFIO - User Level meta-driver version: 0.3
[    4.930563] i8042: PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:KBD,PNP0f13:MOU] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12
[    4.964139] serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
[    4.966874] serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
[    4.987065] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[    5.022040] rtc_cmos 00:00: RTC can wake from S4
[    5.041829] input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input1
[    5.060081] rtc_cmos 00:00: rtc core: registered rtc_cmos as rtc0
[    5.075261] rtc_cmos 00:00: alarms up to one day, y3k, 114 bytes nvram, hpet irqs
[    5.107055] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[    5.212112] Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30.
[    5.216179] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (868 buckets, 3472 max)
[    5.223942] ctnetlink v0.93: registering with nfnetlink.
[    5.243300] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[    5.243300] TCP: cubic registered
[    5.243300] Initializing XFRM netlink socket
[    5.300048] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[    5.367313] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[    5.378250] sit: IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
[    5.421105] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    5.432882] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
[    5.488288] Key type dns_resolver registered
[    5.555895] registered taskstats version 1
[    5.588298]   Magic number: 9:395:521
[    5.729248] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input3
[    5.759681] VFS: Cannot open root device "(null)" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6
[    5.761281] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
[    5.766110] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
[    5.766613] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.0.0+ #1
[    5.766613] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.12.1-0-ga5cab58e9a3f-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[    5.766613]  ffffffff00000000 ffffffff819f3a46 ffff8800070f0000 ffff8800070dfd48
[    5.766613]  ffff8800070dfd98 ffffffff8153e4fe ffff8800070dfdc8 ffffffff8153e56e
[    5.766613]  00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000020656c62
[    5.766613] Call Trace:
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff819f3a46>] ? rest_init+0x9a/0x9a
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff8153e4fe>] ? __dump_stack+0x1f/0x22
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff8153e56e>] ? dump_stack+0x6d/0x87
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff8108c27b>] ? panic+0xc4/0x263
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff81ed2acc>] ? mount_block_root+0x11c/0x1f3
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff81002930>] ? pmd_to_page+0x7f1/0xec1
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff81ed2c94>] ? mount_root+0x5d/0x62
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff81ed2e46>] ? prepare_namespace+0x1ad/0x1ee
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff81ed25c1>] ? kernel_init_freeable+0x113/0x120
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff819f3a57>] ? kernel_init+0x11/0x123
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff810beb03>] ? kthread_stop+0xb7/0xb7
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff819f9508>] ? ret_from_fork+0x58/0x90
[    5.766613]  [<ffffffff819f3a46>] ? rest_init+0x9a/0x9a
[    5.766613] Kernel Offset: 0x0 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation range: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffff9fffffff)
[    5.766613] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)

上面挂死的原因是没有指定rootfs。

方法是：

rlk@ubuntu:runninglinuxkernel_4.0_x86$ ./run_debian_x86_64.sh run debug

因为上述脚本制定了ramdisk

 

第二个例子，调试cpuinfo_open

第一步：gdb界面设置断点

第二步：linux命令行界面 触发函数对应的命令

第三步：gdb界面敲入bt等调试命令进行调试

第四步：gdb界面，调试完毕继续执行键入c

第五步：命令行界面显示完整命令

在qemu环境中用gdb调试Linux内核
https://www.cnblogs.com/wipan/p/9264979.html

QEMU+gdb调试Linux内核全过程
https://blog.csdn.net/jasonlee_lijiaqi/article/details/80967912

使用QEMU和GDB调试Linux内核
https://consen.github.io/2018/01/17/debug-linux-kernel-with-qemu-and-gdb/

How to debug the Linux kernel with GDB and QEMU?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11408041/how-to-debug-the-linux-kernel-with-gdb-and-qemu

QEMU+GDB调试Linux内核总结（全）
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37867857/article/details/88205130

使用QEMU和GDB调试Linux内核
https://consen.github.io/2018/01/17/debug-linux-kernel-with-qemu-and-gdb/

How to Build A Custom Linux Kernel For Qemu (2015 Edition)
http://mgalgs.github.io/2015/05/16/how-to-build-a-custom-linux-kernel-for-qemu-2015-edition.html

Debugging kernel and modules via gdb
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/dev-tools/gdb-kernel-debugging.rst

借助qemu使用gdb去跟踪和学习内核
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38227420/article/details/89923867