STM32双缓冲机制初始化（使用STM32CubeMX）

1.使用STM32CubeMX配置的串口引脚设置和dma的设置会生成在usart.c。

  1）如果DMA接收想采用循环缓冲区的方式，可以直接将RX-DMA设置成Circle方式，然后数据就会硬件上自动实现环形缓冲区的功能，省了不少时间。

  2）DMA在采用Normal模式的时候，当一次任务完成后，DMA->DMA_BufferSize自动清零，并且DMA自动停止。如果想再次设置DMA的BufferSize的话，必须要进行如下操作：

   step1:DMA_CMD(DMAx_Channely,DISABLE);

   step2: 设置DMA_BufferLen

   step3:DMA_CMD(DMAx_Channely,ENABLE)

  3）DMA采用Circle模式的时候，在发送或者接受完成之后，仍然保存着BufferSize，并且DMA还处于使能状态，一直连续工作，直到用户停止DMA

else if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 */
    /* USART1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();
  
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration    
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX 
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    /* USART1 DMA Init */
    /* USART1_RX Init */
    hdma_usart1_rx.Instance = DMA2_Stream2;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Channel = DMA_CHANNEL_4;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Direction = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL; //这里设成DMA_CIRCULAR和DMA_NORMAL好像没有对双缓冲造成影响
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
    if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_rx) != HAL_OK)
    {
      _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
    }

    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle,hdmarx,hdma_usart1_rx);

    /* USART1_TX Init */
    hdma_usart1_tx.Instance = DMA2_Stream7;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Channel = DMA_CHANNEL_4;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
    if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_tx) != HAL_OK)
    {
      _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
    }

    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle,hdmatx,hdma_usart1_tx);

    /* USART1 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 5, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */
  }

2.下面是关于DMA双缓冲机制的配置，特别说明一下，我先__HAL_DMA_DISABLE(hdma); 再配置后面的参数。DMA才正常接收数据了。

static HAL_StatusTypeDef DMAEx_MultiBufferStart_IT(DMA_HandleTypeDef *hdma, \
                                                   uint32_t SrcAddress, \
                                                   uint32_t DstAddress, \
                                                   uint32_t SecondMemAddress, \
                                                   uint32_t DataLength)
{
  HAL_StatusTypeDef status = HAL_OK;
  
  /* Memory-to-memory transfer not supported in double buffering mode */
  if (hdma->Init.Direction == DMA_MEMORY_TO_MEMORY)
  {
    hdma->ErrorCode = HAL_DMA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }
  
  /* Set the UART DMA transfer complete callback */
  /* Current memory buffer used is Memory 1 callback */
  hdma->XferCpltCallback   = dma_m0_rxcplt_callback; //第一个缓冲区填满后会调用这个函数
  /* Current memory buffer used is Memory 0 callback */
  hdma->XferM1CpltCallback = dma_m1_rxcplt_callback; 第二个缓冲区填满后会调用这个函数
  
  /* Check callback functions */
  if ((NULL == hdma->XferCpltCallback) || (NULL == hdma->XferM1CpltCallback))
  {
    hdma->ErrorCode = HAL_DMA_ERROR_PARAM;
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }
  
  /* Process locked */
  __HAL_LOCK(hdma);
    /* Enable the peripheral */
    __HAL_DMA_DISABLE(hdma);   //先要禁止DMA后面的设置才会生效
  
  //if(HAL_DMA_STATE_READY == hdma->State)
  //{
    /* Change DMA peripheral state */
    hdma->State = HAL_DMA_STATE_BUSY;
    /* Initialize the error code */
    hdma->ErrorCode = HAL_DMA_ERROR_NONE;
    /* Enable the Double buffer mode */
    hdma->Instance->CR |= (uint32_t)DMA_SxCR_DBM;
    /* Configure DMA Stream destination address */
    hdma->Instance->M1AR = SecondMemAddress;
    
    /* Configure DMA Stream data length */
    hdma->Instance->NDTR = DataLength;
    /* Configure the source, destination address */
    if((hdma->Init.Direction) == DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH)
    {
      hdma->Instance->PAR = DstAddress;
      hdma->Instance->M0AR = SrcAddress;
    }
    else
    {
      hdma->Instance->PAR = SrcAddress;
      hdma->Instance->M0AR = DstAddress;
    }
    
    /* Clear TC flags */
    __HAL_DMA_CLEAR_FLAG (hdma, __HAL_DMA_GET_TC_FLAG_INDEX(hdma));
    /* Enable TC interrupts*/
    hdma->Instance->CR  |= DMA_IT_TC;
    
    /* Enable the peripheral */
    __HAL_DMA_ENABLE(hdma);
    
    /* Change the DMA state */
    hdma->State = HAL_DMA_STATE_READY;
  //}
  //else
  //{
  //  /* Return error status */
  //  status = HAL_BUSY;
  //}
  
  /* Process unlocked */
  __HAL_UNLOCK(hdma);
  
  return status; 
}

void debug_uart_init(void)
{
  //open uart idle it
  __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&DEBUG_HUART);
  __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&DEBUG_HUART, UART_IT_IDLE);//设置了空闲中断。进入空闲中断就可以考虑处理数据了。如果数据量大就放到专门的任务里处理。
  
  // Enable the DMA transfer for the receiver request
  SET_BIT(DEBUG_HUART.Instance->CR3, USART_CR3_DMAR);
  
  DMAEx_MultiBufferStart_IT(DEBUG_HUART.hdmarx, \
                           (uint32_t)&DEBUG_HUART.Instance->DR, \
                           (uint32_t)debug_dma_rxbuff[0], \
                           (uint32_t)debug_dma_rxbuff[1], \
                           UART_RX_DMA_SIZE);
  
}

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