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这是在stackoverflow和numpy文档里汇总的numpy练习题,目的是为新老用户提供快速参考。
1. Import the numpy package under the name
np
(★☆☆)
导入numpy包,命名为np
import numpy as np
2. Print the numpy version and the configuration (★☆☆)
打印numpy版本和配置
print(np.__version__)
np.show_config()
np.show_config()
3. Create a null vector of size 10 (★☆☆)
创建一个10*10的0数组
Z = np.zeros(10)
print(Z)
print(Z)
4. How to find the memory size of any array (★☆☆)
如何查看数组占内存大小
Z = np.zeros((10,10))
print("%d bytes" % (Z.size * Z.itemsize))
print("%d bytes" % (Z.size * Z.itemsize))
5. How to get the documentation of the numpy add function from the command line? (★☆☆)
如何在命令行下查看numpy add函数文档
%run `python -c "import numpy; numpy.info(numpy.add)"`
6. Create a null vector of size 10 but the fifth value which is 1 (★☆☆)
创建一个长度为10的0数组,第5个值为1
Z = np.zeros(10)
Z[4] = 1
print(Z)
Z[4] = 1
print(Z)
7. Create a vector with values ranging from 10 to 49 (★☆☆)
创建一个值从10到49的数组
Z = np.arange(10,50)
print(Z)
print(Z)
8. Reverse a vector (first element becomes last) (★☆☆)
反转数组(第一个元素变成最后一个)
Z = np.arange(50)
Z = Z[::-1]
print(Z)
Z = Z[::-1]
print(Z)
9. Create a 3x3 matrix with values ranging from 0 to 8 (★☆☆)
创建一个从0~8的3*3矩阵
Z = np.arange(9).reshape(3,3)
print(Z)
print(Z)
10. Find indices of non-zero elements from [1,2,0,0,4,0] (★☆☆)
从[1,2,0,0,4,0]中找到非0元素的索引
nz = np.nonzero([1,2,0,0,4,0])
print(nz)
print(nz)
11. Create a 3x3 identity matrix (★☆☆)
生成一个3*3的对角矩阵
Z = np.eye(3)
print(Z)
print(Z)
12. Create a 3x3x3 array with random values (★☆☆)
创建一个333的随机值数组
Z = np.random.random((3,3,3))
print(Z)
print(Z)
13. Create a 10x10 array with random values and find the minimum and maximum values (★☆☆)
创建一个10*10的随机值数组,并找到最大最小值
Z = np.random.random((10,10))
Zmin, Zmax = Z.min(), Z.max()
print(Zmin, Zmax)
Zmin, Zmax = Z.min(), Z.max()
print(Zmin, Zmax)
14. Create a random vector of size 30 and find the mean value (★☆☆)
创建一个长度为30的随机值数组,并找到平均值
Z = np.random.random(30)
m = Z.mean()
print(m)
m = Z.mean()
print(m)
15. Create a 2d array with 1 on the border and 0 inside (★☆☆)
创建一个四边为1,中间为0的二维数组,
Z = np.ones((10,10))
Z[1:-1,1:-1] = 0
print(Z)
Z[1:-1,1:-1] = 0
print(Z)
16. How to add a border (filled with 0's) around an existing array? (★☆☆)
如何给一个已经存在的数组添加边(填充0)
Z = np.ones((5,5))
Z = np.pad(Z, pad_width=1, mode='constant', constant_values=0)
print(Z)
Z = np.pad(Z, pad_width=1, mode='constant', constant_values=0)
print(Z)
17. What is the result of the following expression? (★☆☆)
看看下面表达式的结果是什么?
print(0 * np.nan)
print(np.nan == np.nan)
print(np.inf > np.nan)
print(np.nan - np.nan)
print(np.nan in set([np.nan]))
print(0.3 == 3 * 0.1)
print(np.nan == np.nan)
print(np.inf > np.nan)
print(np.nan - np.nan)
print(np.nan in set([np.nan]))
print(0.3 == 3 * 0.1)
18. Create a 5x5 matrix with values 1,2,3,4 just below the diagonal (★☆☆)
创建一个5*5矩阵,对角线下方值为1,2,3,4
Z = np.diag(1+np.arange(4),k=-1)
print(Z)
print(Z)
19. Create a 8x8 matrix and fill it with a checkerboard pattern (★☆☆)
创建一个8*8矩阵,并用棋盘图案填充
Z = np.zeros((8,8),dtype=int)
Z[1::2,::2] = 1
Z[::2,1::2] = 1
print(Z)
Z[1::2,::2] = 1
Z[::2,1::2] = 1
print(Z)
20. Consider a (6,7,8) shape array, what is the index (x,y,z) of the 100th element?
给定一个678的三维矩阵,求100个元素的索引是什么?
print(np.unravel_index(99,(6,7,8)))
21. Create a checkerboard 8x8 matrix using the tile function (★☆☆)
使用tile函数创建8*8的棋盘矩阵
Z = np.tile( np.array([[0,1],[1,0]]), (4,4))
print(Z)
print(Z)
22. Normalize a 5x5 random matrix (★☆☆)
对一个5*5矩阵标准化处理
Z = np.random.random((5,5))
Z = (Z - np.mean (Z)) / (np.std (Z))
print(Z)
Z = (Z - np.mean (Z)) / (np.std (Z))
print(Z)
23. Create a custom dtype that describes a color as four unsigned bytes (RGBA) (★☆☆)
新建一个dtype类型用来描述一个颜色(RGBA)
color = np.dtype([("r", np.ubyte, 1),
("g", np.ubyte, 1),
("b", np.ubyte, 1),
("a", np.ubyte, 1)])
("g", np.ubyte, 1),
("b", np.ubyte, 1),
("a", np.ubyte, 1)])
24. Multiply a 5x3 matrix by a 3x2 matrix (real matrix product) (★☆☆)
5*3矩阵和3*2矩阵相乘
Z = np.dot(np.ones((5,3)), np.ones((3,2)))
print(Z)
# Alternative solution, in Python 3.5 and above
Z = np.ones((5,3)) @ np.ones((3,2))
print(Z)
print(Z)
# Alternative solution, in Python 3.5 and above
Z = np.ones((5,3)) @ np.ones((3,2))
print(Z)
25. Given a 1D array, negate all elements which are between 3 and 8, in place. (★☆☆)
给定一个一维数组,将第3~8个元素取反
# Author: Evgeni Burovski
Z = np.arange(11)
Z[(3 < Z) & (Z <= 8)] *= -1
print(Z)
Z = np.arange(11)
Z[(3 < Z) & (Z <= 8)] *= -1
print(Z)
26. What is the output of the following script? (★☆☆)
看看下面脚本的输出是什么?
# Author: Jake VanderPlas
print(sum(range(5),-1))
from numpy import *
print(sum(range(5),-1))
print(sum(range(5),-1))
from numpy import *
print(sum(range(5),-1))
27. Consider an integer vector Z, which of these expressions are legal? (★☆☆)
给定一个整数数组Z,看看下面哪个表达式是合法的?
Z**Z
2 << Z >> 2
Z <- Z
1j*Z
Z/1/1
Z<Z>Z
2 << Z >> 2
Z <- Z
1j*Z
Z/1/1
Z<Z>Z
28. What are the result of the following expressions?
下面表达式的结果是什么?
print(np.array(0) / np.array(0))
print(np.array(0) // np.array(0))
print(np.array([np.nan]).astype(int).astype(float))
print(np.array(0) // np.array(0))
print(np.array([np.nan]).astype(int).astype(float))
29. How to round away from zero a float array ? (★☆☆)
如何对数组进行四舍五入操作?
# Author: Charles R Harris
Z = np.random.uniform(-10,+10,10)
print (np.copysign(np.ceil(np.abs(Z)), Z))
Z = np.random.uniform(-10,+10,10)
print (np.copysign(np.ceil(np.abs(Z)), Z))
30. How to find common values between two arrays? (★☆☆)
如何找出两个数组的共同值?
Z1 = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
Z2 = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
print(np.intersect1d(Z1,Z2))
Z2 = np.random.randint(0,10,10)
print(np.intersect1d(Z1,Z2))
31. How to ignore all numpy warnings (not recommended)? (★☆☆)
如何忽略所有numpy警告?
# Suicide mode on
defaults = np.seterr(all="ignore")
Z = np.ones(1) / 0
# Back to sanity
_ = np.seterr(**defaults)
defaults = np.seterr(all="ignore")
Z = np.ones(1) / 0
# Back to sanity
_ = np.seterr(**defaults)
An equivalent way, with a context manager:
with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
Z = np.ones(1) / 0
Z = np.ones(1) / 0
32. Is the following expressions true? (★☆☆)
下面表达式正确吗?
np.sqrt(-1) == np.emath.sqrt(-1)
33. How to get the dates of yesterday, today and tomorrow? (★☆☆)
如何获得昨天、今天、明天的日期?
yesterday = np.datetime64('today', 'D') - np.timedelta64(1, 'D')
today = np.datetime64('today', 'D')
tomorrow = np.datetime64('today', 'D') + np.timedelta64(1, 'D')
today = np.datetime64('today', 'D')
tomorrow = np.datetime64('today', 'D') + np.timedelta64(1, 'D')
34. How to get all the dates corresponding to the month of July 2016? (★★☆)
如何获得2016年7月对应的所有日期?
Z = np.arange('2016-07', '2016-08', dtype='datetime64[D]')
print(Z)
print(Z)
35. How to compute ((A+B)*(-A/2)) in place (without copy)? (★★☆)
如何计算((A+B)*(-A/2)) ?
A = np.ones(3)*1
B = np.ones(3)*2
C = np.ones(3)*3
np.add(A,B,out=B)
np.divide(A,2,out=A)
np.negative(A,out=A)
np.multiply(A,B,out=A)
B = np.ones(3)*2
C = np.ones(3)*3
np.add(A,B,out=B)
np.divide(A,2,out=A)
np.negative(A,out=A)
np.multiply(A,B,out=A)
36. Extract the integer part of a random array using 5 different methods (★★☆)
提取随机数列整数部分的五种方法
Z = np.random.uniform(0,10,10)
print (Z - Z%1)
print (np.floor(Z))
print (np.ceil(Z)-1)
print (Z.astype(int))
print (np.trunc(Z))
print (Z - Z%1)
print (np.floor(Z))
print (np.ceil(Z)-1)
print (Z.astype(int))
print (np.trunc(Z))
37. Create a 5x5 matrix with row values ranging from 0 to 4 (★★☆)
创建一个5*5的矩阵,每一行值为1~4
Z = np.zeros((5,5))
Z += np.arange(5)
print(Z)
Z += np.arange(5)
print(Z)
38. Consider a generator function that generates 10 integers and use it to build an array (★☆☆)
给定一个生成器函数,可以生成10个整数,使用它来创建一个数组
def generate():
for x in range(10):
yield x
Z = np.fromiter(generate(),dtype=float,count=-1)
print(Z)
for x in range(10):
yield x
Z = np.fromiter(generate(),dtype=float,count=-1)
print(Z)
39. Create a vector of size 10 with values ranging from 0 to 1, both excluded (★★☆)
创建一个长度为10的数组,值为0~1之间,不包含首尾
Z = np.linspace(0,1,11,endpoint=False)[1:]
print(Z)
print(Z)
40. Create a random vector of size 10 and sort it (★★☆)
创建一个长度为10的数组,并做排序操作
Z = np.random.random(10)
Z.sort()
print(Z)
Z.sort()
print(Z)
41. How to sum a small array faster than np.sum? (★★☆)
如何对一个数组进行相加操作,并且速度快于np.sum
# Author: Evgeni Burovski
Z = np.arange(10)
np.add.reduce(Z)
Z = np.arange(10)
np.add.reduce(Z)
42. Consider two random array A and B, check if they are equal (★★☆)
给定两个随机数组A和B,验证它们是否相等
A = np.random.randint(0,2,5)
B = np.random.randint(0,2,5)
# Assuming identical shape of the arrays and a tolerance for the comparison of values
equal = np.allclose(A,B)
print(equal)
# Checking both the shape and the element values, no tolerance (values have to be exactly equal)
equal = np.array_equal(A,B)
print(equal)
B = np.random.randint(0,2,5)
# Assuming identical shape of the arrays and a tolerance for the comparison of values
equal = np.allclose(A,B)
print(equal)
# Checking both the shape and the element values, no tolerance (values have to be exactly equal)
equal = np.array_equal(A,B)
print(equal)
43. Make an array immutable (read-only) (★★☆)
使一个数组不变(只读)
Z = np.zeros(10)
Z.flags.writeable = False
Z[0] = 1
Z.flags.writeable = False
Z[0] = 1
44. Consider a random 10x2 matrix representing cartesian coordinates, convert them to polar coordinates (★★☆)
给定表示笛卡尔坐标的一个10*2的随机矩阵,将其转换为极坐标
Z = np.random.random((10,2))
X,Y = Z[:,0], Z[:,1]
R = np.sqrt(X**2+Y**2)
T = np.arctan2(Y,X)
print(R)
print(T)
X,Y = Z[:,0], Z[:,1]
R = np.sqrt(X**2+Y**2)
T = np.arctan2(Y,X)
print(R)
print(T)
45. Create random vector of size 10 and replace the maximum value by 0 (★★☆)
创建一个长度为10的随机矩阵,并将最大值替换为0
Z = np.random.random(10)
Z[Z.argmax()] = 0
print(Z)
Z[Z.argmax()] = 0
print(Z)
46. Create a structured array with x
and y
coordinates covering the [0,1]x[0,1] area (★★☆)
创建具有x和y坐标的结构化数组,它们覆盖[0,1] x [0,1]区域
Z = np.zeros((5,5), [('x',float),('y',float)])
Z['x'], Z['y'] = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(0,1,5),
np.linspace(0,1,5))
print(Z)
Z['x'], Z['y'] = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(0,1,5),
np.linspace(0,1,5))
print(Z)
47. Given two arrays, X and Y, construct the Cauchy matrix C (Cij =1/(xi - yj))
给定两个数组X和Y,构造柯西矩阵C(Cij = 1 /(xi-yj))
# Author: Evgeni Burovski
X = np.arange(8)
Y = X + 0.5
C = 1.0 / np.subtract.outer(X, Y)
print(np.linalg.det(C))
X = np.arange(8)
Y = X + 0.5
C = 1.0 / np.subtract.outer(X, Y)
print(np.linalg.det(C))
48. Print the minimum and maximum representable value for each numpy scalar type (★★☆)
打印每种numpy标量类型的最小和最大可表示值
for dtype in [np.int8, np.int32, np.int64]:
print(np.iinfo(dtype).min)
print(np.iinfo(dtype).max)
for dtype in [np.float32, np.float64]:
print(np.finfo(dtype).min)
print(np.finfo(dtype).max)
print(np.finfo(dtype).eps)
print(np.iinfo(dtype).min)
print(np.iinfo(dtype).max)
for dtype in [np.float32, np.float64]:
print(np.finfo(dtype).min)
print(np.finfo(dtype).max)
print(np.finfo(dtype).eps)
49. How to print all the values of an array? (★★☆)
如何打印数组中所有值
np.set_printoptions(threshold=np.nan)
Z = np.zeros((16,16))
print(Z)
Z = np.zeros((16,16))
print(Z)
50. How to find the closest value (to a given scalar) in a vector? (★★☆)
如何在数组中找到最接近给定值的值
Z = np.arange(100)
v = np.random.uniform(0,100)
index = (np.abs(Z-v)).argmin()
print(Z[index])
v = np.random.uniform(0,100)
index = (np.abs(Z-v)).argmin()
print(Z[index])