第四章总结

组件的定义及属性

组件是页面视图层（wxml）的基本组成单元，组件组合可以构建功能强大的页面结构。小程序框架为开发者提供了容器视图、基础内容、表单、导航、多媒体、地图、画布开放能力等8类基础组件。

容器视图组件

容器视图组件是能容纳其他组件的组件，是构建小程序页面布局的基础组件，主要包括view、scroll-view和swiper 组件。

view组件的特有属性

view组件实现页面布局：

<view style="text-align: center;">默认flex布局</view>
<view style="display: flex;">
<view style="border: 1px solid #f00;flex-grow: 1;">1</view>
<view style="border: 1px solid #f00;flex-grow: 1;">2</view>
<view style="border: 1px solid #f00;flex-grow: 1;">3</view>
</view>
<view style="text-align: center;">上下混合布局</view>
<view style="display: flex;flex-direction: column;">
  <view style="border: 1px solid #f00;">1</view>
  <view style="display: flex;">
    <view style="border: 1px solid #f00;flex-grow: 1;">2</view>
  <view style="border: 1px solid #f00;flex-grow: 2;">3</view>
</view>
</view>
<view style="text-align: center;">左右混合布局</view>
<view style="display: flex;">
  <view style="border: 1px solid #f00;flex-grow: 1;">1</view>
  <view style="display: flex;flex-direction: column;flex-grow: 1;">
    <view style="border: 1px solid #f00;flex-grow: 1;">2</view>
  <view style="border: 1px solid #f00;flex-grow: 2;">3</view>
</view>
</view>

scroll-view组件属性

通过scroll-view组件可以实现下拉刷新和上拉加载更多：

<view class="container" style="padding: 0rpx;">
<scroll-view scroll-top="{{scrollTop}}" scroll-y="true"
style="height: {{scrollHeight}}px;" class="list" bind-scrolltolower="bindDownLoad"
bindscrolltoupper="topLoad" bindscroll="scroll">
<view class="item" wx:for="{{list}}">
<image class="img"src="{{item.pic_url}}"></image>
<view class="text">
<text class="title">{{item.name}}</text>
<text class="description">{{item.short_de-scription}}</text>
</view>
</view>
</scroll-view>
<view class="boby-view">
<loading hidden="{{hidden}}"bindchange="loadingChange">
加载中...
</loading>
</view>
</view>

var url ="http://.imooc.com/course/ajaxlist";
var page =0;
var page_size = 5;
var short = "last";
var is_easy = 0;
var lange_id = 0;
var pos_id = 0;
var unlearn = 0;
var loadMore = function(that){
  that.setDate({
    hidden:false
  });
  wx.request({
    url:url,
    data:{
      page:page,
      page_size:page_size,
      sort:sort,
      is_easy:is_easy,
      lange_id:lange_id,
      pos_id:pos_id,
      unlearn:unlearn
    },
    success:function(res){
      //console.info(that.data.list);
      var list = that.data.list;
      for(var i= 0; i<res.data.list.length; i++){
        list.push(res.data.list[i]);
      }
      that.setData({
        list:list
      });
      page ++;
      that.setData({
        hidden:true
      });
    }
  });
}
Page({
  data:{
    hidden:true,
    list:[],
    scrollTop:0, 
    scrollHeight:0 
  },
  onLoad:function(){
    var that = this;
    wx.getSystemInfo({
      success:function(res){
        that.setData({
          scrollHeight:res.windowHeight
        });
   }
  });
   loadMore(that);
      },
      bindDownLoad:function(){
        var that = this;
        loadMore(that);
        console.log("lower");
      },
      srcoll:function(event){
        this.setData({
        scrollTop:event.detail.scrollTop
        });
      },
      topLoad:function(event){
        page = 0;
        this.setData({
          list:[],
          scrollTop:0
        });
        loadMore(this);
        consolelog("lower");
      }
    })

.userinfo{
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
}
.userinfo-avatar{
  width: 128rpx;
  height: 128rpx;
  margin: 20rpx;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.userinfo-nickname{
  color: #aaa;
}
.usermotto{
  margin-top: 200px;
}
scroll-view{
  width: 100%;
}
.item{
  width: 90%;
  height: 300rpx;
  margin: 20rpx auto;
  background: brown;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.item .img{
  width: 430rpx;
  margin-right: 20rpx;
  float: left;
}
.title{
  font-size: 30rpx;
  display: block;
  margin: 30rpx auto;
}
.description{
  font-size: 26rpx;
  line-height: 15rpx;
}

wiper组件属性

<swiper indicator-dots='true' autoplay='true' interval='5000' duration ='1000'>
  <swiper-item>
    <image src="/pages/images/1.jpg" style="width: 100%;"></image>
  </swiper-item>
  <swiper-item>
    <image src="/pages/images/2.jpg" style="width: 100%;"></image>
  </swiper-item>
  <swiper-item>
    <image src="/pages/images/3.jpg" style="width: 100%;"></image>
  </swiper-item>
</swiper>

icon组件属性 

icon组件即图标组件，通常用于表示一种状态

<view>icon类型：
<block wx:for="{{iconType}}">
<icon type="{{item}}"/>{{item}}
</block>
</view>
<view>icon大小：
  <block wx:for="{{iconSize}}">
<icon type="success" size="{{item}}"/>{{item}}
</block>
</view>
<view>icon颜色：
<block wx:for="{{iconColor}}">
<icon type="success" size="30" color="{{item}}"/>{{item}}
</block>
</view>
Page({
  data:{
    iconType:["success","success_no_circle","info","warn","warn","waiting","cancel",
  "download","search","clear"],
  iconSize:[10,20,30,40],
  iconColor:['#f00','#0f0','#00f']
  }
})

progress组件属性 

progress组件用于显示进度状态，如资源加载、用户资料完成度、媒体资源播放进度等

<view>显示百分比</view>
<progress percent='80' show-info='80'></progress>
<view>改变宽度</view>
<progress percent='50' stroke-width='2'></progress>
<view>自动显示进度条</view>
<progress percent='80' active></progress>

表单组件

表单组件的主要功能是收集用户信息，并将这些信息传递给后台服务器，实现小程序与期户之间的沟通，表单组件不仅可以放置在<form/>标签中使用，还可以作为单独组件和其他组件混合使用。

button

button组件用来实现用户和应用之间的交互，同时按钮的颜色起引导作用。

<view>选择你喜爱的城市：</view>
<radio-group bindchange="citychange">
  <radio value="西安">西安</radio>
  <radio value="北京">北京</radio>
  <radio value="上海">上海</radio>
  <radio value="广州">广州</radio>
  <radio value="深圳">深圳</radio>
</radio-group>
<view>你的选择:{{city}}</view>
<radio-group class="radio-group" bindchange="radiochange">
  <label class="radio" wx:for="{{radios}}">
    <radio value="{{item.value}}" checked="{{item.checked}}"/>{{item.name}}
  </label>
</radio-group>
<view>你的选择：{{lang}}</view>

data:{
  radios:[
    {name:'java',value:'JAVA'},
    {name:'python',value:'Python',checked:'true'},
    {name:'php',value:'PHP'},
    {name:'swif',value:'Swif'},
  ],
  city:'',
  lang:''
},
citychange:function(e){
  this.setData({city:e.detail.value});
},
radiochange:function(event){
  this.setData({lang:event.detail.value})
}

 radio-group及radio组件属性

checkbox 

<view>选择你想要去的城市：</view>
<checkbox-group bindchange="cityChange">
  <label wx:for="{{citys}}">
    <checkbox value="{{item.value}}" checked="{{item.checkd}}">
      {{item.value}}
    </checkbox>
  </label>
</checkbox-group>
<view>您的选择是：{{city}}</view>

Page({
city:"",
data:{
  citys:[
    {name:"km",value:"昆明"},
    {name:"sy",value:"三亚"},
    {name:"zh",value:"珠海",checked:"true"},
    {name:"dl",value:"大连"}
  ]
},
cityChange:function(e){
  console.log(e.detail.value);
  var city = e.detail.value;
  this.setData({city:city})
}
})

switc 

<view>
  <switch bindchange="sw1">{{var1}}</switch>
</view>
<view>
  <switch checked bindchange="sw2">{{var2}}</switch>
</view>
<view>
  <switch type="checkbox" bindchange="sw3">{{var3}}</switch>
</view>

Page({
data:{
  var1:"关",
  var2:"开",
  var3:"未选",
},
sw1:function(e){
  this.setData({var1:e.detail.value?"开":"关"})
},
sw2:function(e){
  this.setData({var2:e.detail.value?"开":"关"})
},
sw3:function(e){
  this.setData({var3:e.detail.value?"开":"关"})
},
})

slider 组件属性

<view>默认 min=0 max=100 step=1</view>
<slider></slider>
<view>显示当前值</view>
<slider show-value=""></slider>
<view>设置 min="0" max="200" step="10" show-value</view>
<view>滑动改变icon的大小</view>
<slider show-value bindchange="sliderchange"></slider>
<icon type="success" size="{{size}}"></icon>

Page({
data:{
  size:"20"
},
sliderchange:function(e){
  this.setData({size:e.detail.value})
}
})

picker

普通选择器

data:{
  array:["JAVA","Python","C","C#"],
  objArray:[
    {id:0,name:"JAVA"},
    {id:1,name:"Python"},
    {id:2,name:"C"},
    {id:3,name:"C#"}
  ],
  index1:0,
  index2:0
},
arrayChange:function(e){
  console.log("picker值变为",e.detail.value)
  var index=0;
  this.setData({
    index1:e.detail.value
  })
},
objArrayChange:function(e){
  console.log("picker值变为",e.detail.value)
  this.setData({
    index2:e.detail.value
  })
}

<view>---range为数组---</view>
<picker range="{{array}}" value="{{index1}}" bindchange="arrayChange">
  当前选择：{{array[index1]}}
</picker>
<view>---range为数组对象---</view>
<picker bindchange="objArrayChange" value="{{index2}}" range-key="name" range="{{objArray}}">
  当前选择：{{objArray[index2].name}}
</picker>

 多列选择器

<view>多列选择器</view>
<picker 
rmode="multiSelector" 
bindchange="bindMultipickerChange" 
bindcolumnchange="bindMultipickerColumnChange" 
value="{{multiIndex}}" 
range="{{multiArray}}">
  <view>
    当前选择：{{multiArray[0][multiIndex[0]]}},
             {{multiArray[1][multiIndex[1]]}},
             {{multiArray[2][multiIndex[2]]}}
  </view>
</picker>

Page({
data:{
  multiArray:[["陕西省","广东省"],["西安市","汉中市","延安市"],["雁塔区","长安区"]],
  multiIndex:[0,0,0]
},
bindMultiPickerChange:function(e){
console.log("picker发送选择改变，携带值为",e.detail.value)
this.setData({
  multiIndex:e.detail.value
})
},
绑定multipickercolumn
bindMultiPickerColumnChange:function(e){
  console.log("修改的列为",e.detail.column,",值为",e.detail.value);
  var data={
    multiArray:this.data.multiArray,
    multiIndex:this.data.multiIndex
  };
  data.multiIndex[e.detail.column]=e.detail.value;
  switch(e.detail.column){
    case 0:
      switch(data.multiIndex[0]){
        case 0:
          data.multiArray[1]=["西安市","汉中市","延安市"];
          data.multiArray[2]=["雁塔区","长安区"];
          break;
        case 1:
          data.multiArray[1]=["深圳市","珠海市"];
          data.multiArray[2]=["南山区","罗湖区"];
          break;
      }
      data.multiIndex[1]=0;
      data.multiIndex[2]=0;
      break;
      case 1:
        switch(data.multiIndex[0]){
          case 0:
        switch(data.multiIndex[1]){
          case 0:
          data.multiArray[2]=["雁塔区","长安区"];
          break;
          case 1:
          data.multiArray[2]=["汉台区","南郑区"];
          break;
          case 2:
          data.multiArray[2]=["宝塔区","长子县","延川县"];
          break;
        }
        break;
        case 1:
        switch(data.multiIndex[1]){
          case 0:
          data.multiArray[2]=["南山区","罗湖区"];
          break;
          case 1:
          data.multiArray[2]=["香洲区","斗门区"];
          break;
        }
        break;
        }
        data.multiIndex[2]=0;
        console.log(data.multiIndex);
        break;
  }
  this.setData(data);
  },
})

时间选择器，日期选择器

<view>
<picker 
mode="date"
start="{{startdate}}"
end="{{enddate}}"
value="{{date}}"
bindchange="changedate">
选择的日期：{{date}}
</picker>
</view>
<view>
<picker 
mode="time"
start="{{starttime}}"
end="{{endtime}}"
bindchange="changetime">
选择的时间{{time}}
</picker>
</view>

Page({
data:{
  startdate:2000,
  enddate:2050,
  data:'2018',
  starttime:'00:00',
  endtime:'12:59',
  time:'8:00'
},
changedate:function(e){
  this.setData({data:e.detail.value});
  console.log(e.detail.value)
},
changetime:function(e){
  this.setData({time:e.detail.value})
  console.log(e.detail.value)
}
})

 省市选择器

<picker>
mode="region"
value="{{region}}"
custom-item="{{custom-item}}"
bindchange="changeregion">
选择省市区{{region[0]}},{{region[1]}},{{region[2]}}
</picker>

Page({
data:{
  region:['陕西省','西安市','长安区'],
  customitme:'全部'
},
changeregion:function(e){
  console.log(e.detail.value)
  this.setData({
    region:e.detail.value
  })
},
})

 picker-view

<view>当前日期：{{year}}年{{month}}月{{day}}日</view>
<picker-view 
indicator-style="height:50px;"
style="width:100%;height:300px;"
value="{{value}}"bindchange="bindChange">
<picker-view-column>
<view 
wx:for="{{years}}"
style="line-height:50px">
{{item}}年
</view>
</picker-view-column>
<picker-view-column>
<view 
wx:for="{{months}}"
style="line-height:50px">
{{item}}月
</view>
</picker-view-column>
<picker-view-column>
<view 
wx:for="{{days}}"
style="line-height:50px">
{{item}}日
</view>
</picker-view-column>
</picker-view> 

wx.pageScrollTo({
  duration: 0,
  offsetTop: 0,
  scrollTop: 0,
  selector: 'selector',
  success: (res) => {},
  fail: (res) => {},
  complete: (res) => {},
})
const date=new Date()
const years=[]
const months=[]
const days=[]
for(let i=1900;i<=2050;i++){
  years.push(i)
}
for(let i=1;i<=12;i++){
  months.push(i)
}
for(let i=1;i<=31;i++){
  days.push(i)
}
Page({
  data:{
    years:years,
    months:months,
    days:days,
    year:date.getFullYear(),
    month:date.getMonth()+1,
    day:date.getDate(),
    value:[118,0,0],
  },
  bindChange:function(e){
    const val=e.detail.value
    console.log(val);
    this.setData({
      year:this.data.years[val[0]],
      month:this.data.months[val[1]],
      day:this.data.days[val[2]]
    })
  }
})

input 

<input placeholder="这是一个可以自动聚焦的input" auto-focus/>
<input placeholder="这个是只有在按钮点击的时候才聚焦" focus="{{focus}}"/>
<button bind:tap="bindButtonTap">使得输入框获取焦点</button>
<input maxlength="10" placeholder="最大输入长度为10"/>
<view class="section_title">你输入的是：{{inputValue}}</view>
<input bindinput="bindKeyInput" placeholder="输入同步到view中"/>
<input bindinput="bindReplaceInput" placeholder="连续两个1会变成2"/>
<input password type="number" placeholder="输入数字密码"/>
<input password type="text" placeholder="输入字符密码"/>
<input type="digit" placeholder="带小数点的数字键盘"/>
<input type="idcard" placeholder="带身份证输入键盘"/>
<input placeholder-style="color:red" placeholder="占位符字体是红色的"/>

Page({
data:{
  focus:false,
  inputValue:''
},
bindButtonTap:function(){
  this.setData({
    focus:true
  })
},
bindKeyInput:function(e){
  this.setData({
    inputValue:e.detail.value
  })
},
bindReplaceInput:function(e){
  var value=e.detail.value
  var pos=e.detail.cursor
  if(pos!=-1){
    var left=e.detail.value.slice(0,pos)
    pos=left.replace(/11/g,'2').length
  }
  return{
    value:value.replace(/11/g,'2'),
    cursor:pos
  }
}
})

textarea(文本域）

<textarea bindblur="bindTextAreaBlur" auto-height placeholder="自动变高"></textarea>
<textarea placeholder="placeholder颜色是红色的"placeholder-style="color:red;"></textarea>
<textarea placeholder="这个只有在按钮点击的时候才聚焦"focus="{{focus}}"></textarea>
<button bind:tap="bindButtonTap">使得输入框获取焦点</button>
<form bindsubmit="bindFormSubmit">
<textarea placeholder="form中的textarea"name="textarea"></textarea>
<button form-type="submit">提交</button>
</form>

Page({
data:{
  height:10,
  focus:false
},
bindButtonTap:function(){
  this.setData({
    focus:true
  })
},
bindTextAreaBlur:function(e){
  console.log(e.detail.value)
},
bindFormSubmit:function(e){
  console.log(e.detail.value.textarea)
}
})

label 

 label组件为标签组件, 用于提升表单组件的可用性。

<view><checkbox></checkbox>中国</view>
<view><label><checkbox></checkbox>中国</label></view>
<checkbox-group bindchange="cityChange">
<label wx:for="{{citys}}">
<checkbox value="{{item.value}}"checked='{{item.checked}}'>{{item.value}}</checkbox>
</label>
</checkbox-group>
<view>您的选择是：{{city}}</view>

Page({
data:{
  citys:[
    {name:'km',value:'昆明'},
    {name:'sy',value:'三亚'},
    {name:'zh',value:'珠海',checked:'true'},
    {name:'dl',value:'大连'}
  ]
},
cityChange:function(e){
  console.log(e.detail.value);
  var city=e.detail.value;
  this.setData({city:city})
}
})

form 

<form bindsubmit="formSubmit" bindreset="formReset">
<view>姓名：
<input type="text" name="xm"/>
</view>
<view>性别：
<radio-group name="xb">
<label>
<radio value="男" checked/>男</label>
<label>
<radio value="女"/></label>
</radio-group>
</view>
<view>爱好：
<checkbox-group name="hobby">
<label wx:for="{{hobbies}}">
<checkbox value="{{item.value}}"checked='{{item.checked}}'>{{item.value}}</checkbox>
</label>
</checkbox-group>
</view>
<button form-type="submit">提交</button>
<button form-type="reset">重置</button>
</form>

Page({
hobby:'',
data:{
  hobbies:[
    {name:'jsj',value:'计算机',checked:'true'},
    {name:'music',value:'听音乐'},
    {name:'game',value:'玩电竞'},
    {name:'swim',value:'游泳',checked:'true'}
  ]
},
forSubmit:function(e){
  console.log('form发生了submit事件，携带数据为：',e.detail.value)
},
formReset:function(){
  console.log('form发生了reset事件')
}
})

多媒体组件 

多媒体组件包括image (图像)、audio (音频)、video(视频)、camera (相机) 组件,使用这些组件, 可以让页面更具有吸引力。

image

<block wx:for="{{modes}}">
<view>当前图片的模式是:{{item}}</view>
<image mode="{{item}}"src="../../pages/images/1.jpg"style="width:100%,height:100%"/>
</block>

Page({
data:{
  modes:['scaleToFill','aspectFit','aspectFill','widthFix']
}
})

裁剪

<block wx:for="{{modes}}">
<view>当前图片的模式是：{{item}}</view>
<image mode="{{item}}"src="../../pages/images/1.jpg"style="width:100%,height:100%"></image>
</block>

Page({
  data:{
    modes:['top','center','bottom','left','top_left','top_right','bottom_left','bottom_right']
  },
})

audio 

<audio src="{{src}}"action="{{action}}"poster="{{poster}}"name="{{name}}"author="{{author}}"loop controls></audio>
<button type="primary" bind:tap='play'>播放</button>
<button type="primary" bind:tap="pause">暂停</button>
<button type="primary" bind:tap="playRate">设置速率</button>
<button type="primary" bind:tap="currentTime">设置当前时间（秒）</button>

Page({
  data:{
    poster:'http://y.gtimg.cn/music/photo_new/T002R300x300M000003rsKF44GyaSK.jpg? max_age=2592000',
    name:'只因你太美',
    author:'蔡徐坤',
    src:'http://ws.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/M500001VfvsJ21xFqb.mp3? guid= ffffffff82def4af4b12b3cd9337d5e7&uin=346897220&vkey =6292F51E1E384E06DCBDC9AB7C49FD713D632D313AC4858BACB8DDD29067D3C601481D36E62053BF8 DFEAF74 C0A5CCFADD6471160CAF3E6A&from tag=46'
  },
  play:function(){
    this.setData({
      action:{
        method:'play'
      }
    })
  },
  pause:function(){
    this.setData({
      action:{
        method:'pause'
      }
    })
  },
  playRate:function(){
    this.setData({
      action:{
        method:'setPlaybackRate',
        data:10
      }
    })
    console.log('当前速率:'+this.data.action.data)
  },
  currentTime:function(e){
    this.setData({
      action:{
        method:'setCurrentTime',
        data:120
      }
    })
  }
  })

video 

<video src="{{src}}"controls></video>
<view class="btn-area">
<button bind:tap="bindButtonTap">获取视频</button>
</view>

Page({
data:{
  src:'',
},
bindButtonTap:function(){
  var that=this
  wx.chooseVideo({
    sourceType:['album','camera'],
    maxDuration:60,
    camera:['front','back'],
    success:function(res){
      that.setData({
        src:res.tempFilePath
      })
    }
  })
}
})

camera

<camera 
device-position="back"
flash="off"
binderror="error"
style="width:100%;height:350px"></camera>
<button type="primary"bindtap="takePhoto">拍照</button>
<view>预览</view>
<image mode="widthFix" src="{{src}}"></image>

Page({
takePhoto(){
  const ctx=wx.createCameraContext()
  ctx.takePhoto({
    quality:'high',
    success:(res)=>{
      this.setData({
        src:res.tempImagePath
      })
    }
  })
},
error(e){
  console.log(e.detail)
}
})

 map

<map id="map"
longitude="108.9200"
latitude="34.1550"
scale="14"
controls="{{controls}}"
bindcontroltap="controlstap"
markers="{{markers}}"
bindmarkertap="markertap"
polyline="{{polyline}}"
bindregionchange="regionchange"
show-location style="width: 100%;height: 300px;"></map>

Page({
data:{
  markers:[{
    iconPath:"/pages/we.jpg",
    id:0,
    longitude:"108.9290",
    latitude:"34.1480",
    width:50,
    height:50
  }],
  polyline:[{
    points:[
      {
        longitude:"108.9200",
        latitude:"34.1400",
      },
      {
        longitude:"108.9200",
        latitude:"34.1500"
      },
      {
        longitude:"108.9200",
        latitude:"34.1700"
      }
    ],
    color:"#00ff00",
    width:2,
    dottedLine:true
  }],
  controls:[{
    id:1,
    iconPath:'/pages/xi.jpg',
    position:{
      left:0,
      top:300,
      width:30,
      height:30
    },
    clickable:true
  }]
},
regionchange(e){
  console.log(e.type)
},
markertap(e){
  console.log(e.markerId)
},
controltap(e){
  console.log(e.controlId)
}
})

 canvas

<canvas canvas-id="myCanvas"style="border:1px solid red"></canvas>

Page({
  onLoad:function(options){
    var ctx=wx.createCanvasContext('myCanvas')
    ctx.setFillStyle('green')
    ctx.fillRect(10,10,200,100)
    ctx.draw()
  }
})