基础：Hibernate的映射

Hibernate的基本映射
$映射文件结构
$主键生成器
$映射集合属性
一、List集合属性
1 .Person.java
public   class  Person  implements  Serializable
... {
    //标识属性
    private int id;
    //名字属性
    private String name;
    //年龄属性
    private int age;
    //集合属性，学校
    private List schools = new ArrayList();
    Person() ...{}
    
    public void setId(int id)
    ...{
        this.id = id;
    }
    public int getId()
    ...{
        return (this.id);
    }
    ……
}
2 .Person.hbm.xml
<? xml version = " 1.0 " ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate - mapping
    PUBLIC  " -//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN "
     " http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd " >
< hibernate - mapping >
     <!-- 每个class元素对应一个持久化类 -->
     < class  name = " Person " >
         <!-- id元素定义持久化类的标识属性 -->
         < id name  =   " id "  column = " personid " >
             < generator  class = " increment " />
         </ id >
         < property name = " name " />
         < property name = " age " />
         <!-- 映射集合属性schools，指定存放集合属性的表名 -->
         < list name = " schools "  table = " school " >
             <!-- 集合属性和持久化类的关联外键 -->
             < key column = " personid "  not - null = " true " />
             <!-- 集合属性的次序列 -->
             < list - index column = " list_order " />
             <!-- 集合属性的元素 -->
             < element type = " String "  column = " school_name " />
         </ list >
     </ class >
</ hibernate - mapping >
3 .（补充）建表SQL语句
create table Person(
personid integer not  null  auto_increment, 
name varchar( 255 ), 
age integer, 
primary key (personid)
)

create table school (
personid integer not  null , 
school_name varchar( 255 ),
list_order integer not  null , 
primary key (personid, list_order)
)
4 .有了POJO及映射文件，该类就可以完成持久化访问
private   void  createAndStorePerson()
... {
    Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
    Person prolove = new Person();
    prolove.setAge(20);
    prolvoe.setName("shuailee");
    //创建集合属性
    List l = new ArrayList();
    l.add("小学");
    l.add("中学");
    //设置集合属性
    prolove.setSchools(l);
    //持久化Person实例，将状态保存到数据库
    session.save(prolove);
    tx.commit();
    HibernateUtil.closeSession();
}
5 .(补充)HibernateUtil.java
package  prolove;

import  org.hibernate. * ;
import  org.hibernate.cfg. * ;

public   class  HibernateUtil
... {

    public static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    static
    ...{
        try
        ...{
            //采用默认的hibernate.cfg.xml来启动一个Configuration的实例
            Configuration configuration=new Configuration().configure();
            //由Configuration的实例来创建一个SessionFactory实例
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        }
        catch (Throwable ex)
        ...{
            // Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowed
            System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        }
    }

    //ThreadLocal并不是线程本地化的实现,而是线程局部变量。也就是说每个使用该变量的线程都必须为
    //该变量提供一个副本,每个线程改变该变量的值仅仅是改变该副本的值,而不会影响其他线程的该变量
    //的值.

    //ThreadLocal是隔离多个线程的数据共享，不存在多个线程之间共享资源,因此不再需要对线程同步    
    public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();

    public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException
    ...{
        Session s = (Session) session.get();
        //如果该线程还没有Session,则创建一个新的Session
        if (s == null)
        ...{
            s = sessionFactory.openSession();
            //将获得的Session变量存储在ThreadLocal变量session里
            session.set(s);
        }
        return s;
    }

    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException ...{
        Session s = (Session) session.get();
        if (s != null)
            s.close();
        session.set(null);
    }
}

二、Set集合属性
Set集合属性的映射与List非常相似，但因为Set是无序的，不可重复的集合。
因此Set元素无需使用index元素来指定集合元素的次序。
相同：SET同样需要外键列。用于持久化类和集合属性的关联。
1 .映射文件
<? xml version = " 1.0 " ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate - mapping
    PUBLIC  " -//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN "
     " http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd " >
< hibernate - mapping >
     < class  name = " Person " >
         < id name  =   " id "  column = " personid " >
             < generator  class = " increment " />
         </ id >
         < property name = " name " />
         < property name = " age " />
         < set name = " schools "  table = " school " >
             < key column = " personid "  not - null = " true " />
             < element type = " string "  column = " school_name "  not - null = " true " />
         </ set >
     </ class >
</ hibernate - mapping >

三、bag元素映射
<? xml version = " 1.0 " ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate - mapping
    PUBLIC  " -//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN "
     " http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd " >
< hibernate - mapping  package = " prolove " >
     < class  name = " Person " >
         < id name  =   " id "  column = " personid " >
             < generator  class = " identity " />
         </ id >
         < property name = " name " />
         < property name = " age " />
         < bag name = " schools "  table = " school " >
             < key column = " personid "  not - null = " true " />
             < element type = " string "  column = " school_name " />
         </ bag >
     </ class >
</ hibernate - mapping >

四、Map集合属性
所有集合属性：集合属性的声明只能使用接口。
1 .POJO
package  prolove;

import  java.io.Serializable;
import  java.util.HashMap;
import  java.util.Map;

public   class  Person  implements  Serializable
... {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Map scores = new HashMap();

    Person() ...{}

    public void setId(int id)
    ...{
        this.id = id;
    }
    public int getId()
    ...{
        return id;
    }
    public String getName()
    ...{
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name)
    ...{
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age)
    ...{
        this.age = age;
    }
    public int getAge()
    ...{
        return age;
    }

    public Map getScores()
    ...{
        return scores;
    }

    public void setScores(Map scores)
    ...{
        this.scores = scores;
    }

}
2 .Person.hbm.xml
<? xml version = " 1.0 " ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate - mapping
    PUBLIC  " -//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN "
     " http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd " >
< hibernate - mapping  package = " prolove " >
     < class  name = " Person " >
         < id name  =   " id "  column = " personid " >
             < generator  class = " identity " />
         </ id >
         < property name = " name " />
         < property name = " age " />
         < map name = " scores "  table = " score " >
             <!-- 映射外键列 -->
             < key column = " personid "  not - null = " true " />
             <!-- 映射 Map Key -->
             < map - key column = " xueke "  type = " string " />
             <!-- 映射 Map Value -->
             < element column = " fenshu "  type = " float " />
         </ map >
     </ class >
</ hibernate - mapping >

五、集合性能的对比
    延迟加载策略。lazy = " fales " 取消延迟加载
     * 有序集合：集合里的元素可以根据key或index访问
     * 无序集合：集合里的元素只能遍历
    inverse = " true "