【Android 异步操作】Handler 机制 ( MessageQueue 空闲任务 IdleHandler 机制 )

一、MessageQueue 空闲任务 IdleHandler 机制

---

在 消息队列 MessageQueue 的 next 获取下一条消息的方法中 ,

在循环获取消息的最后有如下代码 :

public final class MessageQueue {
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    Message next() {
    	// ...
                // If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
                // Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
                // in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
                if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
                        && (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
                    // 如果取出的 消息为空 , 就会执行 IdleHandler
                    pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
                }
                if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
                    // No idle handlers to run.  Loop and wait some more.
                    mBlocked = true;
                    continue;
                }

                if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
                    mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
                }
                mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
        // ...
    }
}

开始判定 pendingIdleHandlerCount 大小 , 如果小于 $0$ 则执行后续 与 IdleHandler 相关操作 ;

IdleHandler 是一个 接口 , 代码如下 :

public final class MessageQueue {
    /**
     * Callback interface for discovering when a thread is going to block
     * waiting for more messages.
     */
    public static interface IdleHandler {
        /**
         * Called when the message queue has run out of messages and will now
         * wait for more.  Return true to keep your idle handler active, false
         * to have it removed.  This may be called if there are still messages
         * pending in the queue, but they are all scheduled to be dispatched
         * after the current time.
         */
        boolean queueIdle();
    }
}

在上述如果取出的 mMessage 消息为空 mMessages == null , 则执行 IdleHandler ;

IdleHandler 使用时 , 调用 addIdleHandler 函数 , 该函数会将 IdleHandler 加入到 mIdleHandlers 集合中 ,

MessageQueue 消息队列 addIdleHandler 函数如下 :

public final class MessageQueue {
    /**
     * Add a new {@link IdleHandler} to this message queue.  This may be
     * removed automatically for you by returning false from
     * {@link IdleHandler#queueIdle IdleHandler.queueIdle()} when it is
     * invoked, or explicitly removing it with {@link #removeIdleHandler}.
     *
     * <p>This method is safe to call from any thread.
     *
     * @param handler The IdleHandler to be added.
     */
    public void addIdleHandler(@NonNull IdleHandler handler) {
        if (handler == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("Can't add a null IdleHandler");
        }
        synchronized (this) {
            mIdleHandlers.add(handler);
        }
    }
}

在 MessageQueue 的 next 方法中继续向下执行 , 开始遍历 mIdleHandlers 集合 , 先将集合 mIdleHandlers 转为 mPendingIdleHandlers 数组 , 然后遍历该数组 ,

遍历时 , 调用 IdleHandler 对象的 queueIdle 方法 ,

如果上面的 queueIdle 方法返回值是 false , 就会从 mIdleHandlers 集合中 移除该元素 ,

如果上面的 queueIdle 方法返回值是 true , 那么下一次再次执行到这里时 , 还会 继续回调该函数 ;

上述操作对应的 MessageQueue 的 next 方法内的部分源码 :

public final class MessageQueue {
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    Message next() {
			mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);

            // Run the idle handlers.
            // We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
            for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
                final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
                mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler

                boolean keep = false;
                try {
                    keep = idler.queueIdle();
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
                }

                if (!keep) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
            pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;

            // While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
            // so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
            nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
    }
}

IdleHandler 的作用是 , 当消息队列 MessageQueue 中没有消息处理时 , 处于闲置状态时 , 此时就会回调一次用户注册的 IdleHandler ,

如果该 IdleHandler 的 queueIdle 方法返回 false , 那么该 IdleHandler 只会 执行一次 ,

如果该 IdleHandler 的 queueIdle 方法返回 true , 则 每次空闲 , 都要执行一次该 IdleHandler ;

二、MessageQueue 中空闲任务 IdleHandler 相关源码

---

public final class MessageQueue {

    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    Message mMessages;
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    private final ArrayList<IdleHandler> mIdleHandlers = new ArrayList<IdleHandler>();
    private IdleHandler[] mPendingIdleHandlers;

    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    Message next() {
        // Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
        // This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
        // which is not supported.
        final long ptr = mPtr;
        if (ptr == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
        int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
        for (;;) {
            if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
            }

            nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);

            synchronized (this) {
             	// 获取当前的时间 , 需要判定是否有需要延迟发送的消息 
                // Try to retrieve the next message.  Return if found.
                final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                Message prevMsg = null;
                Message msg = mMessages;
                if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
                    // Stalled by a barrier.  Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
                    do {
                        prevMsg = msg;
                        msg = msg.next;
                    } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
                }
                if (msg != null) {
                    if (now < msg.when) {
                        // Next message is not ready.  Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
                        nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                    } else {
                        // Got a message.
                        mBlocked = false;
                        if (prevMsg != null) {
                            prevMsg.next = msg.next;
                        } else {
                            mMessages = msg.next;
                        }
                        msg.next = null;
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
                        msg.markInUse();
                        return msg;
                    }
                } else {
                    // No more messages.
                    nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
                }

                // Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
                if (mQuitting) {
                    dispose();
                    return null;
                }

                // If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
                // Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
                // in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
                if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
                        && (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
                    // 如果取出的 消息为空 , 就会执行 IdleHandler
                    pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
                }
                if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
                    // No idle handlers to run.  Loop and wait some more.
                    mBlocked = true;
                    continue;
                }

                if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
                    mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
                }
                mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
            }

            // Run the idle handlers.
            // We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
            for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
                final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
                mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler

                boolean keep = false;
                try {
                    keep = idler.queueIdle();
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
                }

                if (!keep) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
            pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;

            // While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
            // so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
            nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Callback interface for discovering when a thread is going to block
     * waiting for more messages.
     */
    public static interface IdleHandler {
        /**
         * Called when the message queue has run out of messages and will now
         * wait for more.  Return true to keep your idle handler active, false
         * to have it removed.  This may be called if there are still messages
         * pending in the queue, but they are all scheduled to be dispatched
         * after the current time.
         */
        boolean queueIdle();
    }

}