网络：基于Python3 的udp组播脚本

1.sender.py

# coding=utf-8
import time
import socket
import random

# 组播组IP和端口
mcast_group_ip = '239.0.0.1'
mcast_group_port = 23456

def sender():
    # 建立发送socket，和正常UDP数据包没区别
    send_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
    local_ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
    # 每十秒发送一遍消息
    while True:
        t_int = random.randint(1, 20)
        message = f"{t_int} :this message send via mcast !"
        send_sock.sendto(message.encode(), (mcast_group_ip, mcast_group_port))
        print(f'{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())}: {local_ip}-> multicast {t_int} message send finish')
        time.sleep(2)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    sender()

1. receiver.py

# coding=utf-8
import struct
import time
import socket

# 组播组IP和端口
mcast_group_ip = '239.0.0.1'
mcast_group_port = 23456


def receiver():
    # 建立接收socket，和正常UDP数据包没区别
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
    # 获取本地IP地址
    local_ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
    # 监听端口，已测试过其实可以直接bind 0.0.0.0；但注意不要bind 127.0.0.1不然其他机器发的组播包就收不到了
    sock.bind(('', mcast_group_port))
    # 加入组播组
    # =表示本机字节顺序,标准大小,没有对齐.4s表示"四个字母的字符串"(四个字符串连接成一个字节
    # 串),l表示"签名长",在这种情况下是一个四字节的int.
    # 至于其余的代码,这是设置一个绑定到端口4242的多播udp监听mreq器.这个结构(C代码):
    mreq = struct.pack("=4sl", socket.inet_aton(mcast_group_ip), socket.INADDR_ANY)
    sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq)

    # 允许端口复用，看到很多教程都有没想清楚意义是什么，我这里直接注释掉
    # sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    # 设置非阻塞，看到很多教程都有也没想清楚有什么用，我这里直接注释掉
    # sock.setblocking(0)
    while True:
        try:
            message, addr = sock.recvfrom(1024)
            print(f'{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())}: Receive data from {addr}: {message.decode()}')
            #print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))

        except:
            print("while receive message error occur")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    receiver()