Docker-容器操作

一.基本操作
1.查看容器的进程

sulei@sulei:~/mydocker$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
sulei@sulei:~/mydocker$ sudo docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                   COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
96f206d59eec        shursulei/hello-world   "/hello"                 6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                           zealous_brattain
034d5a6856eb        docker-whale            "/bin/sh -c '/usr/..."   About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                       nifty_hypatia
11d962855abb        docker/whalesay         "cowsay boo-boo"         About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                       competent_visvesvaraya
f8a63e7ada3d        docker/whalesay         "cowsay boo"             2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                             cranky_lalande
e42060d4b310        1815c82652c0            "/hello"                 11 hours ago        Exited (0) 11 hours ago                            goofy_carson
dd7ae3703bc9        1815c82652c0            "/hello"                 23 hours ago        Exited (0) 23 hours ago                            awesome_mirzakhani
68635209c73e        1815c82652c0            "/hello"                 23 hours ago        Exited (0) 23 hours ago                            focused_swanson

2.运行一个hello-world的容器

sulei@sulei:~/mydocker$ sudo docker run  ubuntu /bin/echo "hello world" 

容器运行时间和命令时间相同
3.运行交互式容器

-t伪字符终端,查看帮助sulei@sulei:~/mydocker$ sudo docker run --help

-i交互式(interactive)

sulei@sulei:~/mydocker$ sudo docker run -t -i ubuntu /bin/bash

4.进入交互式的容器中

ls pwd exit(退出交互式shell/ctrl+D)

5.创建容器，以守护进程进行

#使用-d参数运行容器,-c是检查
sulei@sulei:~/mydocker$ sudo docker run -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while-true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
#输出一个长串,表示容器的ID,可以通过该ID操作容器
51f8c445ade27c19450a955c56a3da7a9f04f482fc30517f5515caafd5dd9e43

6.查看容器的日志信息log

#logs后面增加的是ID号或者是名称
sulei@sulei:~/mydocker$ sudo docker logs 980ac2396cd4
root@980ac2396cd4:/# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@980ac2396cd4:/# ls /
bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@980ac2396cd4:/# pwd
/
root@980ac2396cd4:/# cd ~
root@980ac2396cd4:~# lss
bash: lss: command not found
root@980ac2396cd4:~# ls
root@980ac2396cd4:~# pwd
/root
root@980ac2396cd4:~# exit
exit

7.停止容器

#suo docker stop con_id
sulei@sulei:~/mydocker$ sudo docker stop 51f8c445ade2
51f8c445ade2
#或者删除
sudo docker rm 容器名称/ID
删除多个容器
#sudo docker stop name1 name2 name3...
停止容器:
sudo docker stop con_id
重启容器:
sudo docker start con_id

二.运行简单的应用程序
1.查看版本

sulei@sulei:~$ sudo docker version
Client:
 Version:      17.04.0-ce
 API version:  1.28
 Go version:   go1.7.5
 Git commit:   4845c56
 Built:        Mon Apr  3 17:54:19 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:      17.04.0-ce
 API version:  1.28 (minimum version 1.12)
 Go version:   go1.7.5
 Git commit:   4845c56
 Built:        Mon Apr  3 17:54:19 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false

2.命令行帮助sudo docker --help
3.查看子命令的帮助sudo docker run --help
4.运行小的程序(端口映射)
5运行容器，使用training/webapp镜像

-d后台方式,-P port端口映射
sudo docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
-p映射指定的端口端口；-P映射所有暴露的端口
sudo docker run -d -p 80:5000 training/webapp python app.py
sulei@sulei:~$ sudo docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
da877be48f01        training/webapp     "python app.py"     8 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes        0.0.0.0:80->5000/tcp   competent_nobel

6.打开浏览器，使用host主机映射的端口访问虚拟的客户机web服务器

http://localhost:49155

7.查看容器的ip地址

sudo docker-machine ip my-docker-vm

8.端口映射

查看port子命令
sudo docker port --help

查看容器中指定端口在宿主机上的映射端口是多少

sudo docker port con_id 5000
输出的值是：0.0.0.0：80
sulei@sulei:~$ sudo docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
fa47be9d5633        training/webapp     "python app.py"     6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        0.0.0.0:32769->5000/tcp   practical_archimedes
sulei@sulei:~$ sudo docker port fa47be9d5633 5000
0.0.0.0:32769

9.查看web程序的日志

sudo docker logs -f con_id
sulei@sulei:~$ sudo docker logs -f fa47be9d5633 
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
172.17.0.1 - - [04/Jul/2017 08:52:19] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
172.17.0.1 - - [04/Jul/2017 08:52:19] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
172.17.0.1 - - [04/Jul/2017 08:52:19] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -

10.查看容器的进程

sudo docker top con_id
sulei@sulei:~$ sudo docker top fa47be9d5633
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                6844                6825                0                   16:52               ?                   00:00:00 

11.检查容器

sudo docker inspect con_id
sulei@sulei:~$ sudo docker inspect fa47be9d5633

 "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fa47be9d563362541a2a281ead6c573b81dd8009bf1af406255d280c5b24d008/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fa47be9d563362541a2a281ead6c573b81dd8009bf1af406255d280c5b24d008/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fa47be9d563362541a2a281ead6c573b81dd8009bf1af406255d280c5b24d008/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fa47be9d563362541a2a281ead6c573b81dd8009bf1af406255d280c5b24d008/fa47be9d563362541a2a281ead6c573b81dd8009bf1af406255d280c5b24d008-json.log",
        "Name": "/practical_archimedes",

12.停止容器sudo docker stop con_id
13.重启容器sudo docker start con_id
14.查看容器列表sudo docker ps -l
15.删除容器sudo docker rm con_id