Introduction to C Memory Management and C++ Object-Oriented Programming

     复习c/c++中关于指针对内存操作，指针是c的灵魂。偶然发现mit 6-088课程，非常适合这个主题。自学之。

1.什么时候使用指针

     ①.堆上分配内存时

     ②.当给被调用函数传参时，希望其改变其值时

     ③.为了效率--避免拷贝数据结构

2  gcc编译的过程

   Preprocessor
Translation of # directives.
•
Translates all macros (#DEFINE’s) into inline C code.
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Takes #include files and inserts them into the code.
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Get redefinition error if structs etc. are defined more than once!
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Use #ifndef directive to define things only if they have not been defined.
#ifndef HEADER NAME
#define HEADER NAME
/∗ Header code here

#endif

Parsing and translation
Translates to assembly, performing optimizations.
Assembler
Translates assembly to machine instructions.
Linking
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Static. For each function called by the program, the assembly to that function is included directly in the executable, allowing function calls to directly address code.
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Dynamic. Function calls call a Procedure Linkage Table, which contains the proper addresses of the mapped memory