【Linux】获取线程ID方法

首先看一下pthread_create接口说明
 

int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,
     void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);

其中对thread参数说明如下：
Before  returning,  a successful call to pthread_create() stores the ID of the new thread in the buffer pointed to by thread; this identifier is used to refer to the thread in subsequent calls to other pthreads functions.

在之后对于该线程的处理相关调用的场合下，将thread作为ID使用。

但是如果想通过/proc/进程号/task/线程号，查看一下线程的属性等相关信息，此时找不到上述的ID。

可以利用syscall(SYS_gettid)来获取/proc/进程号/task/线程号标识的线程号

对pthread_create中的示例代码thread_start追加syscall(SYS_gettid),如下：
 

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#define handle_error_en(en, msg) \
    do { errno = en; perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);} while (0)

#define handle_error(msg) \
        do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)

struct thread_info {    /* Used as argument to thread_start() */
    pthread_t thread_id;        /* ID returned by pthread_create() */
    int       thread_num;       /* Application-defined thread # */
    char     *argv_string;      /* From command-line argument */
};

/* Thread start function: display address near top of our stack,
    and return upper-cased copy of argv_string */

static void *
thread_start(void *arg)
{
    struct thread_info *tinfo = arg;
    char *uargv, *p;
    pid_t pid;

    pid = (pid_t)syscall(SYS_gettid);
    printf("Thread %d: threadId:%x; gettid:%d; top of stack near %p; argv_string=%s\n",
            tinfo->thread_num, tinfo->thread_id, pid, &p, tinfo->argv_string);

    uargv = strdup(tinfo->argv_string);
    if (uargv == NULL)
        handle_error("strdup");

    for (p = uargv; *p != '\0'; p++)
        *p = toupper(*p);

    sleep(120);
    return uargv;
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int s, tnum, opt, num_threads;
    struct thread_info *tinfo;
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    int stack_size;
    void *res;

    /* The "-s" option specifies a stack size for our threads */
    stack_size = -1;
    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "s:")) != -1) {
        switch (opt) {
        case 's':
            stack_size = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
            break;

        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-s stack-size] arg...\n",
                    argv[0]);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    num_threads = argc - optind;

    /* Initialize thread creation attributes */

    s = pthread_attr_init(&attr);
    if (s != 0)
        handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_init");

    if (stack_size > 0) {
        s = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stack_size);
        if (s != 0)
            handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setstacksize");
    }

    /* Allocate memory for pthread_create() arguments */
    tinfo = calloc(num_threads, sizeof(struct thread_info));
    if (tinfo == NULL)
        handle_error("calloc");

    /* Create one thread for each command-line argument */

    for (tnum = 0; tnum < num_threads; tnum++) {
        tinfo[tnum].thread_num = tnum + 1;
        tinfo[tnum].argv_string = argv[optind + tnum];

        /* The pthread_create() call stores the thread ID into
            corresponding element of tinfo[] */

        s = pthread_create(&tinfo[tnum].thread_id, &attr,
                            &thread_start, &tinfo[tnum]);
        if (s != 0)
            handle_error_en(s, "pthread_create");
    }

    /* Destroy the thread attributes object, since it is no
        longer needed */

    s = pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    if (s != 0)
        handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_destroy");

    /* Now join with each thread, and display its returned value */

    for (tnum = 0; tnum < num_threads; tnum++) {
        s = pthread_join(tinfo[tnum].thread_id, &res);
        if (s != 0)
            handle_error_en(s, "pthread_join");

        printf("Joined with thread %d; returned value was %s\n",
                tinfo[tnum].thread_num, (char *) res);
        free(res);      /* Free memory allocated by thread */
    }

    free(tinfo);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

运行结果如下：
Thread 1: threadId:88e5a700; gettid:4761; top of stack near 0x7ffb88e59ee0; argv_string=abcdefg

利用4761可以查看一些thread属性。

对于pthread_create创建的thread，可以理解为一种文件描述符，但是又不是文件描述符。