ls - list
ls [可选参数] [路径信息]
⼀⼤列- 普通⽂件
d ⽬录⽂件
l 链接⽂件
b 块设备⽂件
p 管理⽂件/管道⽂件
3个⼀组
权限 ⽂件拥有者权限 , ⽂件所属组权限, ⽂件其他⼈(其他⽤户)
r 读权限
w 写权限
x 执⾏权限- ⽆权限
权限对普通⽂件 和 对于⽬录 意义不同
⼆⼤列
普通⽂件 - 链接数
⽬录⽂件 - 第⼀级⼦⽬录
三/四 ⼤列
⽂件拥有者 / ⽂件所属组
五 ⼤列
⽂件⼤⼩ - 字节
六/七/⼋ ⼤列 最后⼀次对⽂件内容的修改时间
[tom@centos7 ~]$ stat 123.txt
File: ‘123.txt’
Size: 8 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 101328417 Links: 1
Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 1000/ tom) Gid: ( 1000/ tom)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0
Access: 2026-01-12 22:43:28.235883784 +0800
Modify: 2026-01-12 22:43:26.064012338 +0800
Change: 2026-01-12 22:43:26.064012338 +0800
Access: 2026-01-12 22:43:28.235883784 +0800
Access-time : 最后⼀次更改后的 , ⾸次访问时间
Modify: 2026-01-12 22:43:26.064012338 +0800
Modify-time : 最后⼀次对⽂件内容修改时间
Change: 2026-01-12 22:43:26.064012338 +0800
Change-time : 最后⼀次对⽂件进⾏属性更改的时间
[tom@centos7 ~]$ touch 456.txt #创建空⽂件
[tom@centos7 ~]$ echo "sy-test456" >> 456.txt
九 ⼤列 ⽂件名称
⽩/灰 普通⽂件
暗蓝⾊ - ⽬录⽂件
亮蓝⾊/⻘ - 链接⽂件
亮绿⾊ -可执⾏⽂件
红⾊ -压缩⽂件
背景⾊ - ⽂件特殊权限位
IO Block: 4096
regular file
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls -r # 反向列出
Videos Templates Public Pictures Music Downloads Documents Desktop core.2066
123.txt
[tom@centos7 ~]$
[tom@centos7 ~]$
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls -R #递归查看
.:
123.txt core.2066 Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates
Videos
./Desktop:
456.txt
./Documents:
./Downloads:
./Music:
./Pictures:
./Public:
./Templates:
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls -lha /
total 24K
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 May 10 2021 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 May 10 2021 ..
drwxrwxrwt. 15 root root 4.0K Jan 12 23:16 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 May 10 2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 282 May 10 2021 var
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls #查看⽬录中的内容
core.2066 Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls . #查看当前⽬录中的内容
core.2066 Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
[tom@centos7 ~]$ pwd
/home/tom
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls ..
tom
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls /
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys
tmp usr var
[tom@centos7 ~]$ cd /
[tom@centos7 /]$ ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys
tmp usr var
[tom@centos7 /]$ cd
/home/tom
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls /
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys
tmp usr var
[tom@centos7 ~]$ ls -l #显示详细信息
total 5096
-rw-------. 1 tom tom 5218304 Jun 7 2021 core.2066
drwxr-xr-x. 2 tom tom 25 Jan 12 20:33 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 tom tom 6 May 10 2021 Documents
[tom@centos7 Downloads]$ ls
[tom@centos7 Downloads]$ ls -a #显示隐藏内容