Linux操作系统基础命令使⽤-目录与路径(学习笔记)

目录

1. 路径切换

---

/ 根路径

/home

/home/eve

linux 

root 用户-管理员

普通用户 :zhangsan lisi 

/home  普通用户家目录

Windows : c:\Users\zhangsan

linux :/home/zhangsan   张三的家目录

          /home/lisi               李四的家目录

用户 : root

家目录 : /root

[tom@centos7 ~]$ pwd #输出打印当前路径
/home/tom

 [tom@centos7 ~]$ cd /
 [tom@centos7 /]$ cd /etc
 [tom@centos7 etc]$ pwd
 /etc
 [tom@centos7 etc]$ cd /
 [tom@centos7 /]$ pwd
 /
 [tom@centos7 /]$ cd /etc
 [tom@centos7 etc]$ cd /home
 [tom@centos7 home]$ pwd
 /home
 [tom@centos7 home]$ cd /home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ pwd
 /home/tom
 [tom@centos7 /]$ cd 
/home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ cd 
/
 [tom@centos7 /]$ cd ~
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ 
[tom@centos7 ~]$ 
[tom@centos7 ~]$ pwd
 /home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ pwd
 /home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ cd . #当前路径
[tom@centos7 ~]$ pwd
 /home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ cd .. #当前路径的上⼀个路径
[tom@centos7 home]$ pwd
 /home
 [tom@centos7 home]$ cd ..
 [tom@centos7 /]$ pwd
 /
 #绝对路径  从根开始进⾏
[tom@centos7 var]$ pwd
 /var
 [tom@centos7 var]$ cd /var/log

 #相对路径 从当前路径进⾏
[tom@centos7 log]$ cd 
/var
 [tom@centos7 var]$ cd ./log
 [tom@centos7 log]$ pwd
 /var/log
 [tom@centos7 log]$ cd 
/var
 [tom@centos7 var]$ cd log
 [tom@centos7 log]$ pwd
 /var/log
 [tom@centos7 log]$ cd ..
 [tom@centos7 var]$ pwd
 /var
 [tom@centos7 var]$ cd 
/var/log
 [tom@centos7 log]$ cd ./..
 [tom@centos7 var]$ pwd
 /var
 [tom@centos7 var]$ cd ./../home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ pwd
 /home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ pwd
 /home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ 
[tom@centos7 ~]$ 
[tom@centos7 ~]$ su
 Password: 
[root@centos7 tom]# pwd
 /home/tom
 [root@centos7 tom]# pwd
 /home/tom
 [root@centos7 tom]# exit
 exit
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ su 
Password: 
Last login: Mon Jan 12 22:14:45 CST 2026 on pts/1
 [root@centos7 ~]# pwd
 /root
 [root@centos7 ~]# cd  ~
[root@centos7 ~]# pwd
 /root
 [root@centos7 ~]# pwd
 /root 
[root@centos7 ~]# cd ~tom  #切换到tom的家⽬录
[root@centos7 tom]# pwd
 /home/tom
 print work directory
 chanage directory
 switch user
 tom 
su 
cd ~ / cd /root 
= 
su 
su
 su 
切换之后环境变量/⼯作⽬录/shell 不同
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ env  | grep -i -E  'path|home|user|logname|shell'
 SHELL=/bin/bash
 USER=tom
 PATH=/usr/lib64/qt
3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/tom/.local/bin:/home/to
 m/bin
 PWD=/home/tom
 HOME=/home/tom
 LOGNAME=tom
 XDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/tom/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share:/var/lib/flatpak/exports/sha
 re:/usr/local/share:/usr/share
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
 OLDPWD=/home/tom
[tom@centos7 ~]$ su
 Password: 
[root@centos7 tom]# cd ~
 [root@centos7 ~]# env  | grep -i -E  'path|home|user|logname|shell'
 SHELL=/bin/bash
 USER=tom
 PATH=/usr/lib64/qt
3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/tom/.local/bin:/home/to
 m/bin
 HOME=/root
 LOGNAME=tom
 XDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/tom/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share:/var/lib/flatpak/exports/sha
 re:/usr/local/share:/usr/share
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
 OLDPWD=/home/tom
 [tom@centos7 ~]$ su 
Password: 
[root@centos7 ~]# env  | grep -i -E  'path|home|user|logname|shell'
 SHELL=/bin/bash
 USER=root
 PATH=/usr/lib64/qt
3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
 HOME=/root
 LOGNAME=root