内核在linux-2.6.22.6\init\main.c:start_kernel函数中调用trap_init、init_IRQ 两个函数来设置异常的处理函数。
asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
{
...
trap_init();
...
init_IRQ();
...
}
1.linux-2.6.22.6\arch\arm\kernel\traps.c\:trap_init函数分析
trap_init函数被用来设置各种异常的处理向量,所谓向量,就是一些被安放在固定位置的代码,当发生异常时,CPU会自动执行这些固定位置上相应代码段,arm架构linux内核异常向量基址地0xffff0000,trap_init函数将异常向量复制到0ffff0000处:
void __init trap_init(void)
{
...
unsigned long vectors = CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE; //CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE=0xffff0000
extern char __stubs_start[], __stubs_end[];
extern char __vectors_start[], __vectors_end[];
...
/*
* Copy the vectors, stubs and kuser helpers (in entry-armv.S)
* into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
* are visible to the instruction stream.
*/
memcpy((void *)vectors, __vectors_start, __vectors_end - __vectors_start);
memcpy((void *)vectors + 0x200, __stubs_start, __stubs_end - __stubs_start);
...
}
vectors等于0xffff0000是异常向量的基址,memcpy((void *)vectors, __vectors_start, __vectors_end - __vectors_start);
将从__vectors_start地址开始的,大小为__vectors_end - __vectors_start的代码复制到0xffff0000地址上,__vectors_start~-_vectors_end之间的代码就是异常向量,在arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S中定义:
.globl __vectors_start
__vectors_start:
swi SYS_ERROR0
b vector_und + stubs_offset
ldr pc, .LCvswi + stubs_offset
b vector_pabt + stubs_offset
b vector_dabt + stubs_offset
b vector_addrexcptn + stubs_offset
b vector_irq + stubs_offset
b vector_fiq + stubs_offset
.globl __vectors_end
__vectors_end:
.data
.globl cr_alignment
.globl cr_no_alignment
其中的vector_und、vector_pabt、vector_irq等表示要跳转去执行的代码,以vector_irq为例,它在arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S中,通过宏指令来定义:
vector_stub irq, IRQ_MODE, 4
.long __irq_usr @ 0 (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 1 (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 2 (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __irq_svc @ 3 (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 4
.long __irq_invalid @ 5
.long __irq_invalid @ 6
.long __irq_invalid @ 7
.long __irq_invalid @ 8
.long __irq_invalid @ 9
.long __irq_invalid @ a
.long __irq_invalid @ b
.long __irq_invalid @ c
.long __irq_invalid @ d
.long __irq_invalid @ e
.long __irq_invalid @ f
vector_stub是一个带参宏指令,它根据后面的参数定义了以“vector_irq”为标号的一段代码,具体是:
.macro vector_stub, name, mode, correction=0
.align 5
vector_\name:
.if \correction
sub lr, lr, #\correction
.endif
@
@ Save r0, lr_<exception> (parent PC)