面试题：Java类初始化顺序

1. 问题来源

你遇到过哪些质量很高的 Java 面试？ - ZO01的回答 - 知乎 https://www.zhihu.com/question/60949531/answer/579002882

2. Java 类初始化顺序

父类静态变量、父类静态代码块、子类静态变量、子类静态代码块、父类非静态变量、父类非静态代码块、父类构造函数、子类非静态变量、子类非静态代码块、子类构造函数。

2.1 初始化优先级

• 父类 > 子类
• 静态 > 非静态
• 变量 > 代码块 > 构造函数

3. 代码示例

class Base {
    private static int VarStatic = 0; // 1

    static {
        System.out.println("Base static initialization block"); // 2
    }

    private int Var = 0; // 5

    {
        System.out.println("Base initialization block"); // 6
    }

    public Base() {
        System.out.println("Base constructor"); // 7
    }
}

public class Derived extends Base {
    private static int VarStatic = 0; // 3

    static {
        System.out.println("Derived static initialization block"); // 4
    }

    private int Var = 0; // 8

    {
        System.out.println("Derived initialization block"); // 9
    }

    public Derived() {
        System.out.println("Derived constructor"); // 10
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Derived obj = new Derived(); // 单步调试时，4之后，会回到这行，再进入5
    }
}
/*
Base static initialization block
Derived static initialization block
Base initialization block
Base constructor
Derived initialization block
Derived constructor
 */

4. 参考

• 红枫忆梦：【面试题】Java程序初始化的顺序是怎样的
• Core Java 11th Volume Ⅰ: 4.6.7 Initialization Blocks