Python学习之Matplotlib绘图练习

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-02 12:22:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-02 12:22:28 发布

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分类专栏：机器学习（原理+实现） Python 文章标签：数据可视化 python 数据分析

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_34953318/article/details/107392263

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Matplotlib绘图

1.绘制散点图

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

#绘制简单的散点图
x = np.random.randn(1000)
y = np.random.randn(1000)
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.title('scatter')
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

使用numpy.random模块中的randn函数生成两组数据,使用scatter函数绘制散点图.

#使用scatter函数绘制星形散点图
x = np.random.randn(1000)
y = np.random.randn(1000)
plt.scatter(x,y,color='g',marker='*',alpha=0.5)
plt.title('scatter')
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

# 调整坐标轴范围
x = np.random.randn(1000)
y = np.random.randn(1000)
plt.scatter(x,y,color='g',marker='*',alpha=0.5)
plt.title('scatter')
plt.xlim(-5,5)
plt.ylim(-5,5)
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

2.绘制折线图

#绘制折线图
growth = pd.read_table('growth.txt',sep=' ',encoding='utf-8')
print(growth.head(5))

   Year  Australia           Austria            Belgium   Finland Germany  \
0  1946  -3.557951                 *                  *  8.132124       *   
1  1947   2.459475                 *   15.2163021098959  2.324528       *   
2  1948   6.437534  27.3291925465839   11.4405542270448  7.928714       *   
3  1949   6.611994  18.9024390243902  -1.30662891505271  6.066839       *   
4  1950   6.920201  12.4089618396898   5.64131712126092  3.844582       *   

             Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands  New Zealand     Norway  \
0                  *     *     *           *     7.711320  10.201270   
1   1.89473684210526     *     *           *    11.932079  13.562973   
2   4.86080904741193     *     *           *    -9.922099   6.951517   
3   5.23695945245255     *     *           *    10.787437   2.667090   
4  0.817895151754033     *     *           *    14.675949   4.870087   

      Sweden        UK         US  
0  11.399403 -2.458310 -10.942159  
1   7.936645 -1.276224  -0.898337  
2   2.315780  2.924110   4.397275  
3   2.949126  3.314717  -0.512350  
4   6.007847  3.181459   8.743969

#使用matplotlib.pyplot中的plot函数绘制瑞典、挪威、新西兰的实际GDP增长折线图。
plt.plot(growth['Year'], growth['Sweden'], color = 'r', label = 'Sweden',linestyle = '--')
plt.plot(growth['Year'], growth['Norway'], color = 'pink', label = 'Norway')
plt.plot(growth['Year'], growth['New Zealand'], color = 'purple', label = 'New Zealand',marker = '+')
plt.title('Real GDP Growth for Three Countries between 1946 and 2009')
plt.xlabel('Year')
plt.ylabel('Real GDP Growth')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

3 绘制柱状图

#柱状图
index = np.arange(5)
value = [20,30,45,35,50]
plt.bar(index, value, width = 0.5, label = 'population', facecolor = '#ff0000')
plt.title('Grouping Allocation')
plt.xticks(index, ('Group1','Group2','Group3','Group4','Group5'))
plt.yticks(np.arange(0,60,10))
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
a = zip(index,value)
for x,y in a:
    plt.text(x, y, y, ha='center', va='bottom')
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

4 绘制箱线图

#绘制箱线图
goals = pd.read_csv('WorldCupMatches.csv')
home_team_goals = goals['Home Team Goals']
away_team_goals = goals['Away Team Goals']

plt.boxplot((home_team_goals,away_team_goals), labels = ['Home Teams','Away Teams'])
plt.title('Goals for Home Teams and Away Teams in all FIFA World Cups')
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述