The binomial coefficient C(m, n) is defined as
C(m, n) = m!/[(m − n)! n!]
Given four natural numbers p, q, r, and s, compute the the result of dividing C(p, q) by C(r, s).
Input
Input consists of a sequence of lines. Each line contains four non-negative integer numbers giving values
for p, q, r, and s, respectively, separated by a single space. All the numbers will be smaller than 10,000
with p ≥ q and r ≥ s.
Output
For each line of input, print a single line containing a real number with 5 digits of precision in the fraction,
giving the number as described above. You may assume the result is not greater than 100,000,000.
Sample Input
10 5 14 9
93 45 84 59
145 95 143 92
995 487 996 488
2000 1000 1999 999
9998 4999 9996 4998
Sample Output
0.12587
505606.46055
1.28223
0.48996
2.00000
3.99960
题意:
计算组合数公式。
数据会很大,直接算会超范围。
观察一下,这个公式中分子和分母中相乘的数字个数是一样的。
所以可以乘一个数字的同时除一个数字,正好计算完毕,不会超范围
对于这个公式,进行化简,可以化简称两种情况,对应两种情况。
对r、s和p、q但读进行约分化简
p!/[q!(p-q)!] = p*(p-1)…(q+1)/(p-q)!
p!/[q!(p-q)!] =p*(p-1)…(p-q+1))/q!
和
s!(r-s)!/r! =(r-s)!/[r(r-1)…(s+1)]
s!(r-s)!/r! =s!/[r(r-1)…(r-s+1)]
这两种情况,根据p-q和q的大小(r-s和s的大小)来取舍,
显然选择计算量较小的。
#include <stdio.h>
int p, q, r, s, i;
double ans;
int main () {
while (~scanf("%d%d%d%d", &p, &q, &r, &s)) {
ans = 1.0;
if (p - q < q)
q = p - q;
if (r - s < s)
s = r - s;
for (i = 1; i <= q || i <= s; i ++) {
if (i <= q) {
ans = ans * (p - q + i) / i;
}
if (i <= s) {
ans = ans / (r - s + i) * i;
}
}
printf("%.5lf\n", ans);
}
return 0;
}