Java中String、StringBuilder、StringBuffer的区别

Java中String、StringBuilder、StringBuffer是我们再熟悉不过的类型了，那么它们之间到底有啥区别呢。

首先，String类型是不可变的，StringBuilder、StringBuffer是可变的。

其次，StringBuilder与StringBuffer类似，无非就是在单线程的情况下StringBuilder要比StringBuffer快。如果要确保线程安全，那就用StringBuffer。

就这么两点。下面看一段代码感受一下String类型拼接，编译器到底是怎么处理的。

package strings;

public class Concatenation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String mango = "mango";
        String s = "abc" + mango + "def" + 47;
        System.out.println(s);
    }
} /* Output:
abcmangodef47

用javap反编译一下上面的class文件

javap -c Concatenation.class

于是得到以下字节码：

Compiled from "Concatenation.java"
public class strings.Concatenation {
  public strings.Concatenation();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #2                  // String mango
       2: astore_1
       3: new           #3                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
       6: dup
       7: invokespecial #4                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":
()V
      10: ldc           #5                  // String abc
      12: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(L
java/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      15: aload_1
      16: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(L
java/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      19: ldc           #7                  // String def
      21: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(L
java/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      24: bipush        47
      26: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I
)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      29: invokevirtual #9                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:
()Ljava/lang/String;
      32: astore_2
      33: getstatic     #10                 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/Prin
tStream;
      36: aload_2
      37: invokevirtual #11                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljav
a/lang/String;)V
      40: return
}

在12到21行编译器将String转换为StringBuilder，这样做就是为了更高效。