需求:有一个计数器(属性),统计总共实例化了多少个对象
代码如下:
class Student:
school = 'Luffycity'
count = 0
def __init__(self, name, age, sex):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.sex = sex
self.count += 1
def learn(self):
print('%s is learning' % self.name)
stu1 = Student('alex', 'male', 38)
stu2 = Student('jinxin', 'female', 78)
stu3 = Student('Egon', 'male', 18)
print(Student.count)
print(stu1.count)
print(stu2.count)
print(stu3.count)
结果为:
0
1
1
1
从以上结果可以看出,如果写成self.count ,他就会变成对象的私有属性,所以说虽然实例化了3次,但是类的count值为0,每个对象的count值为1
从以下验证代码可以看出:
'''
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print(stu1.__dict__)
print(stu2.__dict__)
print(stu3.__dict__)
结果为
{'name': 'alex', 'age': 'male', 'sex': 38, 'count': 1}
{'name': 'jinxin', 'age': 'female', 'sex': 78, 'count': 1}
{'name': 'Egon', 'age': 'male', 'sex': 18, 'count': 1}
所以说正确的代码实例如下:
class Student:
school = 'Luffycity'
count = 0
def __init__(self, name, age, sex):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.sex = sex
# self.count += 1
Student.count += 1
def learn(self):
print('%s is learning' % self.name)
stu1 = Student('alex', 'male', 38)
stu2 = Student('jinxin', 'female', 78)
stu3 = Student('Egon', 'male', 18)
print(Student.count)
print(stu1.count)
print(stu2.count)
print(stu3.count)
print(stu1.__dict__)
print(stu2.__dict__)
print(stu3.__dict__)
结果为:
3
3
3
3
{'name': 'alex', 'age': 'male', 'sex': 38}
{'name': 'jinxin', 'age': 'female', 'sex': 78}
{'name': 'Egon', 'age': 'male', 'sex': 18}