概要
本文通过具体的代码示例,展示Base64的编码和解码操作,从而为您的开发工作提供实用的参考。
整体架构流程
首先,以二进制模式读取一个音频文件的内容,将其转换为Base64编码格式。接着,将Base64编码的数据解码回原始的二进制形式,从而还原出原始文件。
std::string Base64Encode(unsigned char const* bytes_to_encode, unsigned int in_len) {
std::string ret;
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
unsigned char char_array_3[3];
unsigned char char_array_4[4];
while (in_len--) {
char_array_3[i++] = *(bytes_to_encode++);
if (i == 3) {
char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
for (i = 0; (i < 4); i++) ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[i]];
i = 0;
}
}
if (i) {
for (j = i; j < 3; j++) char_array_3[j] = '\0';
char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
for (j = 0; (j < i + 1); j++) ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[j]];
while ((i++ < 3)) ret += '=';
}
return ret;
}
std::string Base64Decode(const char* data, int dataByte, int& outByte) {
// 解码表
const char DecodeTable[] = {
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
62, // '+'
0, 0, 0,
63, // '/'
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // '0'-'9'
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // 'A'-'Z'
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // 'a'-'z'
};
// 返回值
std::string strDecode;
int nValue;
int i = 0;
while (i < dataByte) {
if (*data != '\r' && *data != '\n') {
nValue = DecodeTable[*data++] << 18;
nValue += DecodeTable[*data++] << 12;
strDecode += (nValue & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
outByte++;
if (*data != '=') {
nValue += DecodeTable[*data++] << 6;
strDecode += (nValue & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
outByte++;
if (*data != '=') {
nValue += DecodeTable[*data++];
strDecode += nValue & 0x000000FF;
outByte++;
}
}
i += 4;
} else { // 回车换行,跳过
data++;
i++;
}
}
return strDecode;
}
int main() {
// 以二进制模式读取文件
ifstream file("tmp.pcm", std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
streampos fileSize = file.tellg();
file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
vector<char> fileData(fileSize);
file.read(fileData.data(), fileSize);
file.close();
// 编码
string fileBase64 = Base64Encode(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(fileData.data()), fileData.size());
// 解码并输出原文件(有时候从外部获取来的 base64 数据,开头是带有 "base64," 字符串的,要先截取掉,再解码)
int outByte = 0;
string strResult = Base64Decode(fileBase64.c_str(), fileBase64.length(), outByte);
unsigned char *buffer = new unsigned char[outByte];
for (int i = 0; i < outByte; ++i) {
buffer[i] = strResult[i];
}
// 保存文件数据
std::ofstream fAudioFile;
fAudioFile.open("tmp_new.pcm", std::ios::out | std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
fAudioFile.write((char *)buffer, outByte);
fAudioFile.close();
delete[] buffer;
}
技术细节
有时候从外部获取来的 base64 数据,开头是带有 “base64,” 字符串的,要先截取掉,再解码。