C语言中位操作

一、基本位操作

符号	操作
I	-或-
&	-与-
~	-取反-
^	-异或-
<<	-左移-
>>	-右移-

二、位操作的常见用法

1.获取某位的值

#define BitGet(Number,pos) ((Number)|= 1<<(pos)) //把某位置1
#define BitGet(Number,pos) ((Number) &= ~(1<<(pos)) //把某位置0
#define BitGet(Number,pos) ((Number) >> (pos)&1)) //用宏得到某数的某位
#define BitGet(Number,pos) ((Number) ^= 1<<(pos)) //把Number的POS位取反

2.设定某位的值(设为0或1)

方法一：

#define setbit(x,y) x|=(1<<y) //将x的第y位置1
#define clrbit(x,y) x&=~(1<<y) //将x的第y位清0

方法二：

置0，用0去‘与’

int a&=~(1<

置1，用1去‘或’

int a|=(1<

3.循环移位

#define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) ((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> ((8 * sizeof(x)) - (n)))
#define ROTATE_RIGHT(x, n) ((x) >> (n)) | ((x) << ((8 * sizeof(x)) - (n)))

4.计算绝对值

int abs(int x)
{
    int y;
    y = x>>31;
    return (x^y)-y; //or:(x+y)^y
}

5.判断整数的符号

int sign(int x)
{
    return (x>>31)|(unsigned(-x))>>31;
}

6.两个数比较

  x==y: ~(x-y|y-x)
  x!=y: x-y|y-x
  x<y:      (x-y)^((x^y)&((x-y)^x))
  x<=y: (x|~y)&((x^y)|~(y-x))
  x<y: (~x&y)|((~x|y)&(x-y))//无符号x,y比较
  x<=y: (~x|y)&((x^y)|~(y-x))//无符号x,y比较

7.交换两个数的值(swap)

1.x ^= y ; y ^= x ; x ^= y ;
2.x = x+y ; y = x-y ; x = x-y ;
3.x = x-y ; y = y+x ; x = y-x ;
4.x = y-x ; x = y-x ; x = x+y ;

8.位计数

方法一：

int count(long v)
{
    int number = 0;
 
    while(v)
    {
        v &= (v-1);
        number++;
    }
    return number;
}

方法二：

int count(unsigned x)
{
    x = x-((x>>1)&0x55555555) ;
    x = (x&0x33333333)+(x>>2)&0x33333333);
    x = (x+(x>>4))&0x0f0f0f0f;
    x = x+(x>>8);
    x = x+(x>>16);
    return x&0x0000003f;
}

9.二进制和GRAY码的转换

(1).二进制码到GRAY码的转换:

  unsigned B2G(unsigned B )
  {
      return B ^ (B>>1) ;
  }

(2).GRAY码到二进制码:

  unsigned G2B(unsigned G)
 {
     unsigned B ;
     B = G ^ (G>>1) ;
     B = G ^ (G>>2) ;
     B = G ^ (G>>4) ;
     B = G ^ (G>>8) ;
     B = G ^ (G>>16) ;
     return B ;
  }

10.位反转

unsigned rev(unsigned x)
{
    x = (x & 0x55555555) << 1 | (x>>1) & 0x55555555 ;
    x = (x & 0x33333333) << 2 | (x>>2) & 0x33333333 ;
    x = (x & 0x0f0f0f0f) << 4 | (x>>4) & 0x0f0f0f0f ;
    x = (x<<24) | ((x&0xff00)<<8) | ((x>>8) & 0xff00) | (x>>24) ;
    return x ;
}