C = unique(A):返回的是和A中一样的值,但是没有重复元素。产生的结果向量按升序排序。
示例:
1.筛除向量中的重复值,产生的结果按升序排列
Define a vector with a repeated value.
A = [9 2 9 5];
Find the unique values of A.
C = unique(A)
C =
2 5 9
2.如果A是一个数组,那么返回的是A不重复的行。数组C的行是按顺序排列的。
Name = {'Fred';'Betty';'Bob';'George';'Jane'};
Age = [38;43;38;40;38];
Height = [71;69;64;67;64];
Weight = [176;163;131;185;131];
A = table(Age,Height,Weight,'RowNames',Name)
A =
Age Height Weight
___ ______ ______
Fred 38 71 176
Betty 43 69 163
Bob 38 64 131
George 40 67 185
Jane 38 64 131
Find the unique rows of A.
C = unique(A)
C =
Age Height Weight
___ ______ ______
Bob 38 64 131
Fred 38 71 176
George 40 67 185
Betty 43 69 163
注:
行(Jane 38 64 131)与 (Bob 38 64 131 )重复,被删除。
根据第一个变量(年龄),然后是第二个变量(高度)进行排序,返回一个有序的行。
3.获得非重复值及其下标
Define a vector with a repeated value.
A = [9 2 9 5];
Find the unique values of A and the index vectors ia and ic, such that C = A(ia) and A = C(ic).
[C, ia, ic] = unique(A)
C =
2 5 9
ia =
2
4
1
ic =
3
1
3
2
注:ia是指C中元素(2 5 9)在矩阵A中的位置;ic是指A中元素(9 2 9 5)在矩阵C中的位置。
4.获得矩阵中非重复的行
Define a matrix with a repeated row.
A = [9 2 9 5; 9 2 9 0; 9 2 9 5];
Find the unique rows of A and the index vectors ia and ic, such that C = A(ia,:) and A = C(ic,:).
[C, ia, ic] = unique(A,'rows')
C =
9 2 9 0
9 2 9 5
ia =
2
1
ic =
2
1
2
注:C = A(ia,:),即A中哪两行构成了C;A = C(ic,:),即C中哪三行构成了A。
ia,ic表示行的下标。
5.筛除向量中的重复值,产生的结果不排序
Use the setOrder argument to specify the ordering of the values in C.
Specify 'stable' if you want the values in C to have the same order as in A.
A = [9 2 9 5];
[C, ia, ic] = unique(A,'stable')
C =
9 2 5
ia =
1
2
4
ic =
1
2
1
3
注:用unique(A,’stable’)去重复后不排序。默认的排序是unique(A,’sorted’),’sorted’一般省略掉了。
6.对于含有NaN(Not a Numbe:无穷与非数值)的数列,unique函数将如何处理呢?
Define a vector containing NaN.
A = [5 5 NaN NaN];
Find the unique values of A.
C = unique(A)
C =
5 NaN NaN
注:unique函数将NaN视为不同的元素。
7.字符串元胞数组的非重复项
Define a cell array of strings.
A = {'one','two','twenty-two','One','two'};
Find the unique strings contained in A.
C = unique(A)
C =
'One' 'one' 'twenty-two' 'two'
注:unique函数可识别字符串相同与否,分大小写。
8.带拖尾空白的字符串元胞数组
定义一个字符串数组,一个字符串,其中一些字符串有拖尾的空白。
A = {'dog','cat','fish','horse','dog ','fish '};
Find the unique strings contained in A.
C = unique(A)
C =
'cat' 'dog' 'dog ' 'fish' 'fish ' 'horse'
unique函数将带拖尾的空白的字符串数组视为不同的字符。如这里的’fish’ ‘fish ‘。
9.之前获得元素下标都是元素第一次出现的下标,用legacy获取元素最后一次出现的下标。
Use the 'legacy' flag to preserve the behavior of unique from R2012b and prior releases in your code.
Find the unique elements of A with the current behavior.
A = [9 2 9 5];
[C1, ia1, ic1] = unique(A)
C1 =
2 5 9
ia1 =
2
4
1
ic1 =
3
1
3
2
Find the unique elements of A, and preserve the legacy behavior.
[C2, ia2, ic2] = unique(A, 'legacy')
C2 =
2 5 9
ia2 =
2 4 3
ic2 =
3 1 3 2
注:legacy的作用是取重复值最后一次出现的角标。