鱼c笔记——Python集合

集合中的元素具有唯一性。

>>> num2 = {1, 2, 3}            #{}没有体现出映射关系就是集合
>>> type(num2)
<class 'set'>

>>> num2 = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4}          #自动剔除重复元素
>>> num2
{1, 2, 3, 4}

集合具有无序性，不能通过下标索引得到一个元素：

>>> num2 = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4}
>>> num2
{1, 2, 3, 4}

>>> num2[2]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#16>", line 1, in <module>
    num2[2]
TypeError: 'set' object does not support indexing

创建集合：

①把一列元素用花括号括起来

②使用工厂函数set()

>>> help(set)
Help on class set in module builtins:

class set(object)
 |  set() -> new empty set object
 |  set(iterable) -> new set object
 |  
 |  Build an unordered collection of unique elements.

>>> set1 = set([1, 2, 3, 4, 4])
>>> set1
{1, 2, 3, 4}

习题：去掉列表[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 1]中重复的元素

>>> num1 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 1]
>>> temp = []
>>> for each in num1:
	if each not in temp:
		temp.append(each)

		
>>> temp
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

>>> num1 = list(set(num1))
>>> num1
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

不可变集合：frozenset

>>> num3 = frozenset([1, 2, 3])
>>> num3.add(4)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#33>", line 1, in <module>
    num3.add(4)
AttributeError: 'frozenset' object has no attribute 'add'