一边循环一边计算的机制——生成器(generator)
创建一个生成器
法一:将[]改为()即可
l = [x*x for x in range(3)]
g = (x*x for x in range(3))
print(l)
print(next(g))
# 结果
[0,1,4]
<generator object <genexpr> at x000001C819194C10>
若要打印g,则需要使用next()
print(next(g))
print(next(g))
print(next(g))
print(next(g))
# 结果
0
1
4
File "<stdin>", line 40, in <module>
print(next(g))
StopIteration
或者
for n in g:
print(n)
# 结果
0
1
4
法二:使用函数定义
例:斐波那契数列
# 原始函数定义,符合一边循环一边计算的性质
def fib(max):
n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
while n < max:
print(b)
a, b = b, a + b
n = n + 1
return 'done'
# 改为生成器
def fib(max):
n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
while n < max:
yield b
a, b = b, a + b
n = n + 1
return 'done'
函数和generator区域:函数是顺序执行,遇到return语句或者最后一行函数语句就返回。而变成generator的函数,在每次调用next()的时候执行,遇到yield语句返回,再次执行时从上次返回的yield语句处继续执行。
yield from相当于多层循环
def chain(*iterables):
for it in iterables:
for i in it:
yield i
s = [1,2,3]
t = [9,8,7]
print(list(chain(s,t)))
#结果
[1, 2, 3, 9, 8, 7]
# 输出生成器fib()
for n in fib(6):
print(n)
# 结果
1
1
2
3
5
8
但是用for循环调用generator时,发现拿不到generator的return语句的返回值。如果想要拿到返回值,必须捕获StopIteration错误,返回值包含在StopIteration的value中:
g = fib(6)
while True:
try:
x = next(g)
print('g:', x)
except StopIteration as e:
print('Generator return value:', e.value)
break
# 结果
g: 1
g: 1
g: 2
g: 3
g: 5
g: 8
Generator return value: done
杨辉三角问题——generator
def triangles():
res = [1]
while True:
yield res
res = [sum(i) for i in zip([0]+res, res+[0])]
n=0
for t in triangles():
print(t)
n=n+1
if n == 10:
break
x = [x1,x2]
y = [y1,y2]
zip(x,y) ——> [(x1,y1),(x2,y2)]
参考:廖雪峰