ASN.1 BER格式简介-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_41915699/article/details/122619941

这段时间在做mms协议解析相关的工作，而mms协议的报文是用asn.1格式编码的，所以了解了一些相关知识。现在把asn.1相关的总结分享一下，如有不当的地方欢迎指正。

参考资料

LDAPv3 Wire Protocol Reference: The ASN.1 Basic Encoding Rules – LDAP.com （一个非常详细的网站，关于LDAP的asn.1表示）
《asn1 complete》（一本书）
《ISO8825》（官方文档）

结构

asn.1有很多种格式，如BER，CER，PER等，常用的就是BER：Basic Encoding Rulse
对于BER，简单得说就是通过tlv（tag, length, value）三元组进行编码，且tlv三者都支持嵌套结构，也就是说length的表示也可以通过tlv形式编码。

tag

tag 表示的是后续数据的类型。对于tag网上有各种说法，也有称之为type的，类型有几十种。一般来说tag占一字节，但是也有多字节类型。如果是多字节类型可能也要用tlv格式表示，本文仅列出单字节类型。常用类型如下（这一部分很重要，因为通常在报文中见到的都是这些完整字节，如果要仔细了解最好是看二进制编码），且这里列举的tag Number都为0

/*BER encoding macros*/
#define B_UNIVERSAL_PRIMITIVE         0x00  //00 0 0000
#define B_UNIVERSAL_CONSTRUCTED       0x20  //00 1 0000
#define B_APP_PRIMITIVE               0x40  //01 0 0000
#define B_APP_CONSTRUCTED             0x60  //01 1 0000
#define B_CTX_SPECIFIC_PRIMITIVE      0x80  //10 0 0000
#define B_CTX_SPECIFIC_CONSTRUCTED    0xa0  //10 1 0000
#define B_PRIVATE_PRIMITIVE           0xc0  //11 0 0000
#define B_PRIVATE_CONSTRUCTED         0xe0  //11 0 0000

但是tag的一个字节其实是由三部分构成的，分别是class（类），Primitive or Constructed（结构标志）和Tag Number（tag 号）。

布局

Bits	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
Purpose	class	—	Primitive or Constructed?	Tag Number	—	—	—	—

class 高两位
结构标志第6位
Tag Number 低5位

类

Class	Bit 8	Bit 7	说明
Universal	0	0	通用类型，常见7个，后面跟tag Number表示数据类型
Application	0	1	协议类型
Context-specific	1	0	上下文相关
Private	1	1	自定义，少用

Universal类型常见的7个是：

BOOLEAN
INTEGER
OCTET STRING
NULL
ENUMERATED
SEQUENCE
SET

结构标志

0：表示Primitive 原生类型，就是上文的1~5类；其他还有UTC-time，REAL，data等也属于原生类型
1：表示构造类型，就是上文的6-7类；SEQUENCE OF也是，区别于SEQUENCE的是，前者后续数据均为同一类型，而后者可以跟不同类型。在C语言中SEQUENCE OF类似于列表，SEQUENCE类似于结构体

tag number

常用的universal编码如下，Tag Number均指的是后5位，完整tag是包含了全8位的一个字节

数据类型	Tag Number	Typical Use	完整tag
`BOOLEAN`	0x01	Model logical, two-state variable values	0x01
`INTEGER`	0x02	Model integer variable values	0x02
`BIT STRING`	0x03	Model binary data of arbitrary length	0x03
`OCTET STRING`	0x04	Model binary data whose length is a multiple of eight	0x04
`NULL`	0x05	Indicate effective absence of a sequence element	0x05
`OBJECT IDENTIFIER`	0x06	Name information objects	0x06
`REAL`	0x09	Model real variable values	0x09
`ENUMERATED`	0x0A	Model values of variables with at least three states	0x0A
`CHARACTER STRING`	*	Models values that are strings of characters from a specified characterset	？？
----------	----	----	----
`SEQUENCE`	0x10	表示序列，包含的元素是有序号的	0x30
`SET`	0x11	表示序列，但是无顺序	0x31

如果是协议自定义或者上下文相关的话tag Number就完全不确定了，可以为任意值，表示的含义也各不相同。下面简单举几个例子

tag	二进制表示	含义
0x63	01 1 00011	应用，构造，编号3（编号含义每个应用不同）
0xA3	10 1 00011	上下文，构造，编号3
0x88	10 0 1000	上下文，原生数据，INSTANCE OF/EXTERNAL（tag number为0x08，可表示一种外部定义的数据结构）

length

不定长表示

此种表示一般为头部两个0x00，尾部两个0x00，中间可以有任意数据。不常用。

定长表示

定长表示有两种，单字节和多字节。单字节表示最多表示127，多字节可以表示任意大小。
单字节第8位固定为0，后续的7位表示长度，如

0x02 表示长度2
0x0A 表示长度10
0x7F 表示长度为127

多字节第一个字节表示的是长度的长度，首字节的第8位固定为1，后7位表示长度的长度的值，后续字节表示真正的长度，如

0x81 0x0A 0x81表示后面跟1个字节，0x0A表示实际长度为10
0x82 0x0A 0x0B 0x81表示后面跟2个字节，0x0A 0X0B表示实际长度为2571

另外，同一个长度可以有多重不同的表示方式，如长度10，可以用如下的表示方法

0a
81 0a
82 00 0a
84 00 00 00 0a
8a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0a

value

可以为任意数据

实际例子

例1（简单）

asn.1定义

simpleExample ::= SEQENCE
	{
	string1   IMPLICIT OCTET STRING {"Hello!"},
	bool2     IMPLICIT BOOLEAN {TRUE},
	int3        IMPLICIT  INTEGER {5}
	}

asn.1编码

30 0e 04 06 48 65 6c 6c 6f 21 01 01 ff 02 01 05

asn.1编码解析

30 0e -- The type and length of the sequence  表示序列，长度为14
   04 06 48 65 6c 6c 6f 21 -- The encoded octet string "Hello!"    04表示字符串，06表示长度为10
   01 01 ff -- The encoded Boolean true    01表示布尔值，01表示长度为1，FF表示TRUE
   02 01 05 -- The encoded integer five    02表示整数，01表示长度为1,05表示实际的value为5

例2（实际报文数据）

下面附上一个mms包的手动解析数据，总共解析了4个包。第一个包是一个完整包，后三个包是分片数据，三个包合成一条mms信息。文末附有该mms包

030000c1    TPKT len = 193
02f080      COTP
0db80506130100160102140200023302000134020001c1a2    Session protocol
    31819f    SET OF 长len len = 159                             (8823 pre protocol)
          a003 800101 context 结构 0 len = 2，context primitive 0 len = 1 v = 1     (normal-mode) 
          a28197    context 结构 2 len = 151 										(normal-mode-parameters)
          		8104    context primitive 1 len = 4  00000001
          		8204    context primitive 2 len = 4  00000001
          		a423    context struct 4 len = 34  300f0201010604520100013004060251013010020103060528ca220201300406025101
          		8802    context primitive 8 len = 2  0600
          		6160    app struct 1 len = 96                                       (8650-1 ACS)
          			305e    seq len = 94 
          			    020101    INT len = 1 
          			    a059    context struct 0 len = 89 
          			        6057    app struct 0 len = 87
          			            8002    context primitive len = 2    0780
          			            a107    context struct 1 len = 7    060528ca220203
          			            a205    context struct 2 len = 5    06032b0000
          			            a303    context struct 3 len = 3    020117
          			            a606    context struct 6 len = 6    06042bce0f21
          			            a703    context struct 7 len = 3    020121
          			            be2f    context struct 14 len = 47  
          			                282d    universal Instance len = 45
          			                    020103    INT len = 1    
          			                    a028    context struct 0 len = 40			(mms)			
          			                        a826    context struct 8 len = 38 
          			                            80030186a0810101820101830105a416800101810305fb00820c03ee0000000402000058fd10


分片数据
03000404    TPKT len = 1028
02f000      COTP
01000100    Session protocol
61820a16    app struct 1 长2 len = 2582                                              (8823 pre protocol)
	30820a12    seq 长2 len = 2578
		020103    INT len = 1
		a0820a0b    context struct 0 长2  len = 2571                                 (mms)
			a0820a07    context stuct 0 长2 len = 2567
				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          	(1013B)


03000404    TPKT len = 1028
02f000      COTP
50525337373850524f541a19483350564f4332245345244f55544d4154522473657456616c302ca02aa1281a0a50525337373850524f541a1a484a50544f43312453452453747256616c247365744d61672466302ca02aa1281a0a50525337373850524f541a1a484a50544f4331245345244f70446c546d6d732473657456616c302aa028a1261a0a50525337373850524f541a18484a50544f433124534524446972456e612473657456616c302ca02aa1281a0a50525337373850524f541a1a484a50544f433124534524446972546f4275732473657456616c302aa028a1261a0a50525337373850524f541a18484a50544f433124534524456e61626c652473657456616c302ba029a1271a0a50525337373850524f541a19484a50544f4331245345244f55544d4154522473657456616c3029a027a1251a0a50525337373850524f541a17484a50544f4331245345245472456e612473657456616c302ca02aa1281a0a50525337373850524f541a1a484a50544f4331245345244578334930456e612473657456616c302ca02aa1281a0a50525337373850524f541a1a4850475044495331245345245068537472247365744d61672466302da02ba1291a0a50525337373850524f541a1b485047504449533124534524476e64537472247365744d61672466302da02ba1291a0a50525337373850524f541a1b4850475044495331245345245269734c6f64247365744d61672466302da02ba1291a0a50525337373850524f541a1b4850475044495331245345244f70446c546d6d732473657456616c302da02ba1291a0a50525337373850524f541a1b4850475044495331245345245068446c546d6d732473657456616c302ea02ca12a1a0a50525337373850524f541a1c485047504449533124534524476e64446c546d6d732473657456616c302da02ba1291a0a50525337373850524f541a1b4850475044495331245345244c696e416e67247365744d61672466302da02ba1291a0a50525337373850524f541a1b4850475044495331245345244b3046616374247365744d616724663030a02ea12c1a0a50525337373850524f541a1e4850475044495331245345245a56616c546f54666d247365744d616724663030a02ea12c1a0a50525337373850524f541a1e4850475044495331245345245a56616c546f427573247365744d61672466302ba029a1271a0a50525337373850524f541a19485047504449533124534524456e61626c652473657456616c302ca02aa1281a0a50525337373850524f541a1a4850475044495331245345244f55544d4154522473657456616c302ca02aa1281a0a50525337373850524f541a1a4850475044495332245345245068537472247365744d61672466302da02ba1291a0a505253			                                                                (1021B)


0300022b    TPKT len = 555
02f080      COTP    last data unit 10000000
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   (548B)